Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengoptimasi kondisi ekstraksi cangkang biji pala (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) serta mengevaluasi kandungan total fenolik (Total Phenolic Content, TPC) dan aktivitas antioksidannya. Sampel berupa limbah agroindustri diolah menjadi simplisia dan diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan variasi konsentrasi etanol (70%, 80%, dan 96%), waktu ekstraksi (24, 48, dan 72 jam), serta rasio bahan terhadap pelarut (1:5, 1:10, dan 1:15). Rendemen ekstrak tertinggi diperoleh pada penggunaan etanol 96% selama 48 jam dengan rasio bahan terhadap pelarut 1:10. Kondisi ekstraksi mempengaruhi kadar total fenolik dan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak. Ekstrak etanol 80% selama 48 jam dengan rasio 1:5 menunjukkan kadar fenolik terendah sebesar 10,351 ± 0,0018 gGAE/100 g, nilai IC₅₀ 39,045 ppm, dan AAI 1,28. Ekstrak etanol 70% selama 48 jam dengan rasio 1:10 menghasilkan kadar fenolik sebesar 10,539 ± 0,0046 gGAE/100 g, nilai IC₅₀ 30,567 ppm, dan AAI 1,635. Kadar fenolik tertinggi diperoleh pada ekstrak etanol 96% selama 48 jam dengan rasio 1:10, yaitu 10,627 ± 0,0074 gGAE/100 g, disertai aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi dengan nilai IC₅₀ 26,491 ppm dan AAI 1,887. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan kadar total fenolik cenderung diikuti peningkatan aktivitas antioksidan yang ditandai oleh penurunan nilai IC₅₀ dan peningkatan AAI. Secara keseluruhan, ekstrak cangkang biji pala memiliki aktivitas antioksidan kategori kuat dan berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai sumber antioksidan alami untuk aplikasi farmasi dan pangan fungsional.

Kata kunci: Myristica fragrans, maserasi, total fenolik, aktivitas antioksidan, DPPH, AAI

This study aimed to optimize the extraction conditions of nutmeg shell (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) and evaluate its Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and antioxidant activity. The agro-industrial waste material was processed into simplicia and extracted using the maceration method with variations in ethanol concentration (70%, 80%, and 96%), extraction time (24, 48, and 72 hours), and solid-to-solvent ratio (1:5, 1:10, and 1:15). The highest extract yield was obtained using 96% ethanol for 48 hours with a solid-to-solvent ratio of 1:10. The extraction conditions affected both the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the extracts. The extract obtained using 80% ethanol for 48 hours at a solid-to-solvent ratio of 1:5 exhibited the lowest phenolic content of 10.351 ± 0.0018 g GAE/100 g, with an IC₅₀ value of 39.045 ppm and an AAI value of 1.28. The extract obtained using 70% ethanol for 48 hours at a solid-to-solvent ratio of 1:10 yielded a phenolic content of 10.539 ± 0.0046 g GAE/100 g, an IC₅₀ value of 30.567 ppm, and an AAI value of 1.635. The highest phenolic content was obtained from the extract prepared using 96% ethanol for 48 hours at a solid-to-solvent ratio of 1:10, reaching 10.627 ± 0.0074 g GAE/100 g, accompanied by the strongest antioxidant activity, with an IC₅₀ value of 26.491 ppm and an AAI value of 1.887. The results indicated that an increase in total phenolic content tended to be followed by an increase in antioxidant activity, as evidenced by lower IC₅₀ values and higher AAI values. Overall, nutmeg shell extract exhibited strong antioxidant activity and has the potential to be developed as a natural antioxidant source for pharmaceutical and functional food applications. Keywords: Myristica fragrans, maceration, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, DPPH, AAI