Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Proses pengangkutan tandan buah segar (TBS) dari lokasi panen ke titik
pengumpulan menjadi tahap krusial yang harus dilakukan cepat dan efisien. Tantangan
terbesar muncul pada lahan berlereng ekstrem dengan sudut kemiringan hingga 40°–45°, di
mana operator traktor roda dua dengan trailer tipe pivot berisiko mengalami gangguan
muskuloskeletal akibat postur kerja yang tidak ergonomis. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini
bertujuan menganalisis gerak dan postur operator menggunakan metode Selang Alami
Gerakan (SAG), Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA), dan kuesioner Nordic Body Map
(NBM), serta merekomendasikan intervensi ergonomi yang tepat.
Penelitian dilaksanakan di perkebunan kelapa sawit Gampong Jalin, Kota Jantho,
Aceh Besar, menggunakan traktor roda dua dengan trailer tipe pivot dan roda reversibel.
Tiga operator laki-laki berusia 21–40 tahun dilibatkan sebagai subjek penelitian. Pengujian
dilakukan pada tiga tingkat kemiringan lereng, yaitu agak curam (20°), curam (32°), dan
ekstrem (40°), dengan variasi sudut sirip roda -15°, 0°, 15°, 30°, dan 45°. Data dikumpulkan
melalui rekaman video yang dianalisis menggunakan AutoCAD 2010 untuk SAG, penilaian
postur REBA, pengukuran antropometri, dan kuesioner NBM untuk keluhan subjektif
operator.
Hasil analisis SAG menunjukkan bahwa pada lereng agak curam (20°) sebagian besar
postur operator masih berada di zona aman, namun pada lereng curam (32°) dan ekstrem
(40°) hampir seluruh segmen tubuh memasuki zona bahaya, terutama siku, leher, punggung,
paha, dan lutut, dengan hiperfleksi lutut hingga mencapai 155°. Analisis REBA
mengonfirmasi hal ini dengan skor risiko edang (4–7) pada lereng agak curam, meningkat
menjadi risiko tinggi (8–10) pada lereng ekstrem, khususnya pada Operator A. Hasil
kuesioner NBM menunjukkan bahwa keluhan dominan bergeser dari anggota tubuh bagian
atas (63%) pada lereng agak curam menjadi anggota tubuh bagian bawah (62%) pada lereng
ekstrem, mengindikasikan asymmetric loading akibat operator cenderung bertumpu ke satu
sisi untuk menjaga keseimbangan. Berdasarkan temuan ini, direkomendasikan intervensi
ergonomi terpadu berupa modifikasi alat angkut sawit, perbaikan metode kerja dan
pemakaian APD.

The transportation of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) from harvesting locations to collection points is a crucial stage that must be carried out quickly and efficiently. The greatest challenge arises on steeply sloped land with inclinations reaching 40°–45°, where operators of two-wheel tractors equipped with pivot-type trailers are at risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders due to non-ergonomic working postures. Therefore, this study aims to analyze operator movements and postures using the Natural Range of Motion (SAG), Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA), and Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire methods, and to recommend appropriate ergonomic interventions. The study was conducted in an oil palm plantation in Gampong Jalin, Jantho City, Aceh Besar, using a two-wheel tractor equipped with a pivot-type trailer and reversible wheels. Three male operators aged 21–40 years participated as research subjects. Tests were carried out on three slope gradients: moderately steep (20°), steep (32°), and extreme (40°), with wheel fin angle variations of -15°, 0°, 15°, 30°, and 45°. Data were collected through video recordings analyzed using AutoCAD 2010 for SAG assessment, REBA posture evaluation, anthropometric measurements, and NBM questionnaires to identify operators’ subjective complaints. The SAG analysis showed that on moderately steep slopes (20°), most operator postures remained within the safe zone. However, on steep (32°) and extreme (40°) slopes, nearly all body segments entered the danger zone, particularly the elbows, neck, back, thighs, and knees, with knee hyperflexion reaching up to 155°. The REBA analysis confirmed these findings, indicating moderate risk scores (4–7) on moderately steep slopes, which increased to high risk (8–10) on extreme slopes, especially for Operator A. The NBM questionnaire results revealed that dominant complaints shifted from the upper body (63%) on moderately steep slopes to the lower body (62%) on extreme slopes, indicating asymmetric loading caused by operators leaning toward one side to maintain balance. Based on these findings, integrated ergonomic interventions are recommended, including modifications to oil palm transportation equipment, improvements in work methods, and the use of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE).