Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Penyelesaian perkara anak di Indonesia memerlukan pendekatan keadilan restoratif sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak atau yang disebut dengan UUSPPA. Diversi sebagai sarana penal untuk mencapai perdamaian dan mencegah pengulangan tindak pidana. Pembatasan diversi hanya untuk tindak pidana dengan ancaman pidana dibawah tujuh tahun dan bukan pengulangan tindak pidana sebagimana ketentuan Pasal 7 ayat (2) USPPA menimbulkan persoalan yang diancam dengan hukumanya lebih dari 7 tahun, terutama bagi anak pelaku kejahatan berat seperti pemerkosaan. Ketentuan ini bertentangan dengan asas perlindungan anak dan prinsip ultimum remedium, serta menimbulkan perbedaan sikap antar lembaga penegak hukum. Penerapan diversi di Mahkamah Syari’iyah mengikut pedoman sistem peradilan pidana anak nasilnal, sebagaimana ketentuan Qanun Aceh Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Hukum Jinayat Pasal 66. Ketentuan lebih lanjut dalam Qanun Aceh Nomor 7 Tahun 2013 Tentang Hukum Acara Jinayat Pasal 222 ayat (6) menyebutkan ketentuan tentang persidangan anak-anak berpedoman kepada Peraturan Perundang-undangan tentang pengadilan anak. Data kasus pada tahun 2020–2024 Mahkamah Syar’iyah Aceh mencatat terdapat 13 kasus anak berhadapan dengan hukum. Terdapat 12 kasus tindak pidana tindak pidana pemerkosaan gagal dilakukan diversi, sementara itu 1 kasus tindak pidana maisir oleh anak berhasila dilakukan diversi, penerapan diversi yang bersifat kasuistik.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penerapan diversi di wilayah hukum Mahkamah Syar’iyah Aceh, penyebab dilakukan diversi terhadap anak pelaku tindak pidana padahal tidak memenuhi syarat dilakukannya diversi dan upaya apa yang ditempuh untuk meningkatkan diversi oleh polisi, jaksa dan hakim.
Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis empiris, yaitu dengan menggabungkan kajian hukum dan temuan di lapangan. Data utama dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dengan responden dan informan, sedangkan data pendukung diperoleh dari berbagai sumber literatur atau studi kepustakaan. Seluruh data yang terkumpul kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif untuk mendapatkan gambaran yang mendalam mengenai permasalahan yang diteliti.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Penerapan diversi bagi Anak yang Berhadapan dengan Hukum di wilayah Mahkamah Syar’iyah Aceh hingga saat ini masih menunjukkan berbagai kendala, terutama terkait konsistensi dan optimalisasi pelaksanaannya antar lembaga penegak hukum maupun antarwilayah. Meskipun Undang-Undang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak mewajibkan upaya diversi pada setiap tahapan proses peradilan untuk perkara dengan ancaman pidana di bawah tujuh tahun dan bukan residivis, dalam praktiknya penerapan diversi sering kali dipengaruhi oleh penilaian subjektif aparat. Hal ini terlihat dari penanganan perkara pemerkosaan yang mendominasi pada periode 2020–2023, di mana sebagian kasus tidak diupayakan diversi karena dikualifikasikan sebagai tindak pidana berat, sementara pada kasus lain diversi tetap diupayakan meskipun ancaman pidananya melebihi tujuh tahun. Kondisi tersebut mencerminkan belum seragamnya pemahaman substantif mengenai diversi sebagai instrumen keadilan restoratif yang berorientasi pada kepentingan terbaik bagi anak. Efektivitas diversi sangat ditentukan oleh kapasitas aparat penegak hukum, kualitas musyawarah yang partisipatif, serta koordinasi antarlembaga seperti polisi, kejaksaan dan kehakiman, dengan tetap mempertimbangkan aspek sosiologis, psikologis, dan kultural. Tanpa komitmen sistemik, peran aktif hakim, dan mekanisme evaluasi yang berkelanjutan, penerapan diversi berisiko menjadi formalitas prosedural yang tidak memberikan dampak signifikan bagi perlindungan dan pemulihan anak.
Disarankan agar penerapan diversi di wilayah Mahkamah Syar’iyah Aceh perlu diperkuat melalui penyeragaman pedoman pelaksanaan dan peningkatan pemahaman aparat penegak hukum terhadap ketentuan Undang-Undang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak agar tidak bergantung pada penilaian subjektif dan dapat diterapkan secara konsisten. Aparat penegak hukum juga disarankan memiliki pedoman penilaian yang sistematis dan objektif dalam mempertimbangkan penerapan diversi, termasuk pada perkara yang secara normatif belum sepenuhnya memenuhi persyaratan, sehingga fleksibilitas penerapan diversi tetap berada dalam koridor hukum dan tidak menimbulkan ketidakpastian maupun disparitas penanganan perkara anak. Penguatan pemahaman substantif terhadap diversi sebagai instrumen keadilan restoratif yang berorientasi pada kepentingan terbaik bagi anak perlu didukung melalui pelatihan berkelanjutan serta sistem monitoring dan evaluasi yang efektif guna menjamin konsistensi dan kualitas penerapannya, tanpa mengesampingkan perlindungan korban dan rasa keadilan masyarakat.

Kata kunci: Diversi; keadilan restoratif; Anak Berhadapan Dengan Hukum.

IMPLEMENTATION OF DIVERSION FOR CHILDREN IN CONFLICT WITH THE LAW WITHIN THE JURISDICTION OF THE MAHKAMAH SYAR’IYAH ACEH ABSTRACT Novi Wulandari Ida Keumala Jeumpa M. Ya’kub Aiyub Kaidir The resolution of juvenile cases in Indonesia requires the application of restorative justice, as regulated under Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System, which places diversion as a penal mechanism to achieve reconciliation and prevent reoffending. The limitation of diversion only to criminal offenses with a prison sentence of less than seven years and not for repeat offenses, as stipulated in Article 7 paragraph (2) of the USPPA, poses a problem for those facing sentences of more than 7 years, especially for child perpetrators of serious crimes such as rape. This provision contradicts the principle of child protection and the principle of ultimum remedium and also leads to differing attitudes among law enforcement agencies. The application of diversion in the Sharia Court follows the guidelines of the national child criminal justice system, as stipulated in Aceh Qanun Number 6 of 2014 concerning Jinayat Law Article 66. Further provisions in Aceh Qanun Number 7 of 2013 concerning Jinayat Procedural Law Article 222 paragraph (6) state that provisions regarding children's trials are guided by regulations on child courts. Data from 2020–2024 show that the Aceh Sharia Court recorded 13 cases of children in conflict with the law. There were 12 cases of rape that were not suitable for diversion, while 1 case of gambling by a child was successfully diverted. The application of diversion was case-by-case. This study aims to examine the implementation of diversion within the jurisdiction of the Mahkamah Syar’iyah Aceh (Aceh Sharia Court), identify the reasons diversion was pursued despite not meeting statutory requirements, and analyze measures taken by police, prosecutors, and judges to improve diversion outcomes. This research employs an empirical juridical approach, combining legal analysis with field data. Primary data were collected through interviews with respondents and informants, while supporting data were obtained from various literature sources. All collected data were analyzed qualitatively to provide an in-depth understanding of the issues examined. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of diversion for children in conflict with the law in the Aceh Syar'iyah Court area still faces various obstacles, particularly regarding the consistency and optimization of its implementation across law enforcement agencies and regions. Although the Child Criminal Justice System Act mandates diversion efforts at every stage of the judicial process for cases with a potential sentence of under seven years and for non-repeat offenders, in practice, the application of diversion is often influenced by the subjective assessment of law enforcement officials. This is evident from the handling of rape cases, which dominated the period from 2020 to 2023. Some cases were not considered for diversion because they were classified as serious crimes, while in other cases, diversion was still attempted even though the potential sentence exceeded seven years. This condition reflects the lack of uniform substantive understanding of diversion as a restorative justice instrument oriented toward the best interests of the child. The effectiveness of diversion is highly dependent on the capacity of law enforcement agencies, the quality of participatory deliberation, and inter-agency coordination between the police, prosecution, and judiciary, while also considering sociological, psychological, and cultural aspects. Without systemic commitment, the active role of judges, and continuous evaluation mechanisms, the implementation of diversion risks becoming a procedural formality that does not have a significant impact on the protection and rehabilitation of children. It is recommended that the implementation of diversion in the Aceh Syar'iyah Court area needs to be strengthened thru the standardization of implementation guidelines and improved understanding of law enforcement officials regarding the provisions of the Child Criminal Justice System Law so that it does not depend on subjective assessment and can be applied consistently. Law enforcement officials are also advised to have systematic and objective assessment guidelines in considering the application of diversion, including in cases that normatively do not fully meet the requirements, so that the flexibility of applying diversion remains within the legal framework and does not cause uncertainty or disparities in handling child cases. Strengthening substantive understanding of diversion as a restorative justice instrument oriented toward the best interests of the child needs to be supported through continuous training and an effective monitoring and evaluation system to ensure consistency and quality of its application, without neglecting victim protection and the community's sense of justice. Keywords: Diversion; restorative justice; Children in Conflict with the Law.