Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Pasal 105 Kompilasi Hukum Islam menetapkan bahwa hak asuh anak yang belum mumayyiz diberikan kepada ibu, namun dalam praktiknya di pengadilan terdapat beberapa kasus hak asuh anak yang belum mumayyiz diberikan kepada ayah, hal ini menyebabkan penetapan hak asuh anak tidak selalu diberikan kepada pihak tertentu secara mutlak, sehingga menimbulkan dinamika dalam putusan pengadilan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis mekanisme penunjukan hak asuh anak akibat perceraian menurut undang-undang dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam serta mengidentifikasi kriteria dan faktor yuridis yang menjadi pertimbangan hakim dalam menentukan pemegang hak asuh anak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis empiris dengan pendekatan kualitatif, data diperoleh melalui penelitian kepustakaan, studi putusan pengadilan, dan wawancara dengan hakim serta praktisi hukum, kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif-analitis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mekanisme penunjukan hak asuh anak dapat dilakukan melalui dua cara, yaitu diajukan bersamaan dengan perkara perceraian atau melalui gugatan terpisah setelah putusan perceraian berkekuatan hukum tetap, dalam praktiknya, hakim tidak semata-mata berpedoman pada ketentuan normatif Pasal 105 Kompilasi Hukum Islam, tetapi juga mempertimbangkan prinsip kepentingan terbaik bagi anak (the best interests of the child), adapun faktor-faktor yang menjadi pertimbangan hakim meliputi usia anak, kedekatan emosional, kemampuan moral dan ekonomi orang tua, stabilitas lingkungan pengasuhan, serta fakta-fakta yang terungkap dalam persidangan, dengan demikian, penetapan hak asuh anak bersifat kasuistik dan tidak secara otomatis diberikan kepada pihak tertentu. Disarankan agar terdapat penguatan pengaturan mengenai penerapan prinsip kepentingan terbaik bagi anak dalam peraturan perundang-undangan maupun praktik peradilan, sehingga tercipta keseragaman dalam pertimbangan hakim tanpa mengabaikan kondisi anak.
Kata Kunci: Hak Asuh Anak, Perceraian, Undang-Undang, Kompilasi Hukum Islam.

Article 105 of the Compilation of Islamic Law stipulate that the custody of children who have not yet mumayyiz is given to the mother, but in practice in court there are several cases where the custody of children who have not yet mumayyiz falls to the father, this causes the determination of child custody is not always given to a certain party absolutely, thus creating dynamics in court decisions. This study aims to analyze the mechanism for appointing child custody due to divorce according to the law and the Compilation of Islamic Law and to identify the criteria and legal factors that are taken into consideration by judges in determining the holder of child custody. The research method used is empirical juridical through a qualitative approach, data obtained through library research, court decision studies, and interviews with judges and legal practitioners, then analyzed descriptively-analytical. The results of the study show that the mechanism for appointing child custody can be done in two ways, namely submitted simultaneously with the divorce case or through a separate lawsuit after the divorce decision has permanent legal force, in practice, judges are not solely guided by the normative provisions of Article 105 of the Compilation of Islamic Law, but also consider the principle of the best interest of the child, the factors taken into consideration by the judge include the child's age, emotional closeness, moral and economic capabilities of the parents, stability of the care environment, as well as the facts presented in the trial, therefore, the determination of child custody is casuistic and is not automatically given to certain parties. It is recommended that there be strengthening of regulations regarding the application of the principle of the best interests of children in legislation and judicial practice, so that uniformity is created in the judge's considerations without ignoring the child's condition. Keywords: Child Custody, Divorce, Law, Compilation of Islamic Law.