Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Jerawat merupakan salah satu masalah kulit yang disebabkan oleh pertumbuhan bakteri Propionibacterium acnes (saat ini dikenal sebagai Cutibacterium acnes). Minyak atsiri kulit jeruk purut (Citrus hystrix DC.) diketahui mengandung senyawa bioaktif seperti sabinene, β-pinene, dan limonene yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan minyak kulit jeruk purut menjadi sediaan face toner dan menguji aktivitas antibakterinya terhadap P. acnes dan juga melihat aktivitas antibakteri minyaknya saja secara tunggal. Pengujian dilakukan menggunakan metode difusi cakram pada media Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) dengan variasi konsentrasi minyak atsiri 5%, 10%, 15%, dan 20%. Sedangkan untuk variasi sediaan toner minyaknya yaitu variasi konsentrasi 0% (F0), 5% (F1), dan 7,5% (F2). Evaluasi sediaan meliputi uji organoleptik, homogenitas, pH, uji iritasi dan stabilitas dengan metode cycling test. Hasil uji antibakteri menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan konsentrasi minyak atsiri sebanding dengan peningkatan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap P. acnes. Hasil uji antibakteri minyak secara tunggal menghasilkan daya hambat konsentrasi 5% sebesar 16,56 mm; konsentrasi 10% sebesar 22,03 mm; konsentrasi 15% sebesar 25,15 mm; konsentrasi 20% sebesar 31,13 mm sedangkan hasil daya hambat sediaan toner minyak yaitu Formula F1 dan F2 menghasilkan zona hambat berturut-turut sebesar 8,32 mm dan 8,75 mm, yang menandakan efektivitas minyak kulit jeruk purut kurang efektif bila diformulasikan sebagai bahan aktif antibakteri dalam sediaan toner namun demikian toner ini tetap dikategorikan memberikan efek antibakteri namun tidak signifikan. Dengan demikian, toner minyak kulit jeruk purut berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai sediaan kosmetik alami antijerawat.

Acne is a common skin problem caused by the growth of Propionibacterium acnes (currently known as Cutibacterium acnes). Kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix DC.) peel essential oil is known to contain bioactive compounds such as sabinene, β-pinene, and limonene, which have potential as natural antibacterial agents. This study aimed to formulate kaffir lime peel essential oil into a facial toner preparation and evaluate its antibacterial activity against P. acnes, as well as to assess the antibacterial activity of the essential oil alone. The antibacterial test was carried out using the disc diffusion method on Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) with variations in essential oil concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. Meanwhile, the toner formulations consisted of three variations: 0% (F0), 5% (F1), and 7.5% (F2) essential oil. The evaluation of the toner preparations included organoleptic tests, homogeneity, pH, irritation testing, and stability testing using the cycling test method. The antibacterial test results showed that an increase in essential oil concentration was directly proportional to an increase in antibacterial activity against P. acnes. The inhibition zones of the essential oil alone at concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% were 16.56 mm, 22.03 mm, 25.15 mm, and 31.13 mm, respectively. Meanwhile, the inhibition zones of the toner formulations F1 and F2 were 8.32 mm and 8.75 mm, respectively. These results indicate that kaffir lime peel essential oil is less effective when formulated as an antibacterial active ingredient in a toner preparation; however, the toner still exhibited antibacterial activity, although not significant. Therefore, kaffir lime peel essential oil toner has the potential to be developed as a natural anti-acne cosmetic product.