Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Tindak pidana penganiayaan yang dilakukan di tempat umum merupakan salah satu bentuk kejahatan yang dapat menimbulkan keresahan di masyarakat karena dilakukan secara terbuka dan dapat disaksikan oleh banyak orang. Perbuatan ini telah diatur dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana, khususnya Pasal 351 sampai dengan Pasal 358. Namun, dalam praktiknya penganiayaan di tempat umum masih terjadi sehingga menimbulkan gangguan terhadap ketertiban dan rasa aman di masyarakat.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya tindak pidana penganiayaan di tempat umum di wilayah hukum Pengadilan Negeri Banda Aceh serta menganalisis pertimbangan hakim dalam menjatuhkan pidana relatif ringan kepada pelaku tindak pidana penganiayaan di tempat umum.

Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis empiris dengan pendekatan deskriptif analitis. Penelitian dilakukan di wilayah hukum Pengadilan Negeri Banda Aceh melalui penelitian lapangan dan kepustakaan. Data diperoleh dari wawancara dengan hakim, penyidik kepolisian, serta pelaku, dan didukung oleh data kepustakaan yang diperoleh melalui studi peraturan perundang-undangan, buku, serta jurnal ilmiah. Seluruh data kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif untuk memperoleh gambaran yang jelas mengenai permasalahan yang diteliti.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyebab terjadinya tindak pidana penganiayaan di tempat umum terdiri dari faktor internal dan eksternal. Faktor internal meliputi konflik sebelumnya, rasa sakit hati, rendahnya pengendalian diri, serta sifat temperamental pelaku. Sedangkan faktor eksternal meliputi provokasi dari korban atau pihak lain, pengaruh lingkungan sosial dan pergaulan, serta situasi konflik yang terjadi secara spontan di tempat umum. Dalam menjatuhkan pidana hakim mempertimbangkan terpenuhinya unsur-unsur tindak pidana, seperti alat bukti, keterangan saksi dan keterangan terdakwa, hasil visum et repertum, serta hal-hal yang memberatkan dan meringankan terdakwa.

Disarankan agar upaya pencegahan tindak pidana penganiayaan di tempat umum dilakukan secara preventif dan represif melalui peningkatan penyuluhan hukum, penguatan peran keluarga dan lingkungan sosial, serta penegakan hukum yang tegas terhadap pelaku kekerasan di ruang publik. Selain itu, hakim dalam menjatuhkan pidana diharapkan tetap mengedepankan keseimbangan antara kepastian hukum, keadilan, dan kemanfaatan dengan mempertimbangkan dampak sosial dari perbuatan tersebut guna memberikan efek jera dan mencegah terulangnya tindak pidana serupa.

The criminal offense of assault committed in a public place constitutes a form of crime that may give rise to public unrest, as it is carried out openly and may be witnessed by numerous individuals. Such conduct is regulated under the Indonesian Penal Code, particularly Articles 351 through 358. Nevertheless, in practice, acts of assault in public places continue to occur, thereby disrupting public order and undermining the sense of security within the community. This study aims to identify and explain the factors contributing to the occurrence of assault in public places within the jurisdiction of the Banda Aceh District Court, as well as to analyze the considerations of judges in imposing relatively lenient sentences on perpetrators of such offenses. The research employs an empirical juridical method with a descriptive-analytical approach. The study was conducted within the jurisdiction of the Banda Aceh District Court through both field research and library research. Data were obtained from interviews with judges, police investigators, and offenders, and were supported by secondary data derived from the study of statutory regulations, books, and scientific journals. All data were subsequently analyzed qualitatively in order to provide a clear understanding of the issues under examination. The findings indicate that the causes of assault in public places consist of both internal and external factors. Internal factors include prior conflicts, feelings of resentment, low self-control, and the temperamental nature of the perpetrator. External factors include provocation by the victim or other parties, the influence of the social environment and peer associations, as well as spontaneous conflict situations occurring in public spaces. In imposing sentences, judges consider the fulfillment of the elements of the criminal offense, including evidence, witness testimony, the defendant’s statement, the results of the visum et repertum, as well as aggravating and mitigating circumstances. It is recommended that efforts to prevent assault in public places be undertaken through both preventive and repressive measures, including the enhancement of legal awareness programs, strengthening the role of family and the social environment, and the strict enforcement of law against perpetrators of violence in public spaces. Furthermore, judges in sentencing are expected to maintain a balance between legal certainty, justice, and utility, while taking into account the social impact of such acts, in order to create a deterrent effect and prevent the recurrence of similar criminal offenses.