Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Pasal 41 huruf (b) Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan menyatakan bahwa ayah bertanggung jawab atas biaya pemeliharaan dan pendidikan anak. Jika ayah tidak mampu, pengadilan dapat menentukan agar ibu ikut menanggung biaya tersebut. Hal ini ditegaskan kembali dalam Pasal 156 huruf (d) Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI), yang menyebutkan bahwa semua biaya hadhanah dan nafkah anak menjadi tanggung jawab ayah sesuai kemampuannya, setidaknya hingga anak dewasa (21 tahun). Namun, dalam praktik di wilayah Mahkamah Syar’iyah Bireuen masih ditemukan ayah yang tidak memenuhi kewajiban tersebut setelah perceraian.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui alasan ayah (Tergugat) tidak memberikan nafkah dan biaya pendidikan anak, akibat hukumnya, serta upaya hukum yang dapat dilakukan ibu (Penggugat) agar ayah memenuhi kewajibannya.

Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis empiris dengan data sekunder dari literatur serta peraturan perundang-undangan dan data primer dari wawancara. Analisis dilakukan secara kualitatif

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masih terdapat ayah yang tidak melaksanakan kewajiban memberikan nafkah pendidikan kepada anak setelah perceraian meskipun telah ada putusan Mahkamah Syar’iyah. Hal ini disebabkan oleh faktor keterbatasan ekonomi, rendahnya kesadaran dan tanggung jawab ayah, serta hubungan yang tidak baik dengan mantan isteri. Secara hukum, ayah dapat dikenakan upaya perdata melalui pemanggilan dan eksekusi putusan pengadilan. Namun dalam praktiknya pelaksanaan eksekusi masih menghadapi hambatan seperti biaya yang tinggi dan tidak adanya harta milik tergugat yang dapat disita.

Disarankan kepada ayah agar memiliki kesadaran untuk memenuhi kewajibannya dalam memberikan nafkah pendidikan kepada anak setelah perceraian. Selain itu, Mahkamah Syar’iyah diharapkan dapat memperkuat pengawasan terhadap pelaksanaan putusan, sedangkan ibu dapat menempuh upaya hukum berupa permohonan eksekusi apabila ayah tidak melaksanakan kewajibannya. Dukungan dari aparatur gampong, tokoh masyarakat, lembaga keagamaan, serta lembaga terkait juga diperlukan untuk memfasilitasi mediasi dan mendorong kesadaran ayah agar tetap menjalankan tanggung jawabnya terhadap nafkah anak.

Article 41 letter (b) of Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage stipulates that the father is responsible for the costs of maintenance and education of the child. In the event that the father is unable to fulfill such obligation, the court may determine that the mother shall share in bearing such costs. This provision is reaffirmed in Article 156 letter (d) of the Compilation of Islamic Law (Kompilasi Hukum Islam/KHI), which provides that all costs of hadhanah (child custody) and child maintenance are the responsibility of the father in accordance with his financial capacity, at least until the child reaches adulthood (21 years of age). However, in practice within the jurisdiction of the Mahkamah Syar’iyah Bireuen, there are still fathers who fail to fulfill such obligations following divorce. This study aims to examine the reasons why fathers (Defendants) fail to provide child maintenance and education expenses, the legal consequences thereof, and the legal remedies available to mothers (Plaintiffs) to compel fathers to fulfill their obligations. This research employs an empirical juridical method, utilizing secondary data derived from literature and statutory regulations, as well as primary data obtained through interviews. The analysis is conducted qualitatively. The results of the study indicate that there remain fathers who do not fulfill their obligation to provide for their children’s educational expenses following divorce, despite the existence of decisions issued by the Mahkamah Syar’iyah. This is attributable to factors such as economic constraints, lack of awareness and responsibility on the part of the father, and strained relationships with the former spouse. From a legal standpoint, fathers may be subject to civil enforcement measures, including summons and execution of court judgments. However, in practice, the enforcement of such judgments continues to face obstacles, including high costs and the absence of attachable assets belonging to the defendant. It is recommended that fathers develop greater awareness and responsibility in fulfilling their obligations to provide for their children’s educational expenses after divorce. Furthermore, the Mahkamah Syar’iyah is expected to strengthen its supervision over the implementation of judgments, while mothers may pursue legal remedies in the form of execution petitions where fathers fail to comply. Support from village (gampong) authorities, community leaders, religious institutions, and relevant agencies is also essential to facilitate mediation and to encourage fathers to continue fulfilling their responsibilities for child maintenance.