Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Pasal 1338 ayat (1) menegaskan bahwa setiap perjanjian yang dibuat secara sah berlaku sebagai undang-undang bagi para pihak yang membuatnya. Namun dalam kenyataannya, perjanjian utang piutang untuk modal usaha sirup Cap Patung di Gampong Peuniti, Kota Banda Aceh, terjadi wanprestasi akibat debitur tidak melaksanakan kewajibannya sesuai kesepakatan, dimana debitur tidak memenuhi kewajiban pembayaran bagi hasil maupun pengembalian modal pokok, sehingga menimbulkan sengketa antara para pihak.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bentuk wanprestasi debitur dalam pelaksanaan perjanjian utang piutang untuk modal usaha sirup Cap Patung, menjelaskan akibat hukum dari kelalaian tersebut, serta menjelaskan mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa yang ditempuh oleh para pihak dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan yang terjadi.

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis empiris, yaitu penelitian hukum yang berfokus pada data lapangan sebagai sumber utama. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan kreditur, debitur, serta pihak-pihak yang mengetahui pelaksanaan perjanjian.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk wanprestasi yang dilakukan debitur berupa pelaksanaan prestasi yang tidak sesuai dengan isi perjanjian, keterlambatan pengembalian uang pinjaman, serta tidak dilaksanakannya pengembalian modal pokok. Akibat hukum dari wanprestasi ini meliputi kerugian yang dialami kreditur, tuntutan pemenuhan prestasi dan tambahan pengembalian sebagai bentuk ganti kerugian, serta beralihnya seluruh risiko kerugian kepada debitur. Penyelesaian sengketa dilakukan melalui musyawarah dan negosiasi secara kekeluargaan, tetapi tidak mencapai kesepakatan final karena tidak adanya kepastian waktu pelunasan.

Disarankan agar praktik perjanjian utang piutang dibuat secara tertulis dan memuat secara jelas ketentuan mengenai jumlah utang, jangka waktu, mekanisme pengembalian, dan tata cara penyelesaian sengketa. Selain itu, diperlukan ketegasan dalam menindaklanjuti wanprestasi melalui upaya hukum untuk memperoleh kepastian hukum. Keterlibatan pihak ketiga yang netral, seperti aparatur gampong dan mediator diperlukan agar proses musyawarah dan negosiasi berjalan lebih efektif serta memberikan kepastian hukum bagi para pihak.

Article 1338 paragraph (1) of the Indonesian Civil Code affirms that every agreement lawfully entered into shall bind the parties as law. In practice, however, the loan agreement for business capital relating to the “Cap Patung” syrup enterprise in Gampong Peuniti, City of Banda Aceh gave rise to a breach of contract due to the debtor’s failure to perform its obligations in accordance with the agreed terms. The debtor failed to fulfill the obligation to pay the agreed profit-sharing as well as to repay the principal capital, thereby resulting in a dispute between the parties. This research aims to: (i) identify and explain the forms of breach of contract committed by the debtor in the implementation of the loan agreement for the Cap Patung syrup business capital; (ii) analyze the legal consequences arising from such default; and (iii) describe the dispute resolution mechanisms undertaken by the parties to resolve the issues concerned. The study employs an empirical juridical method, namely legal research that relies primarily on field data. The data were obtained through interviews with the creditor, the debtor, and other parties knowledgeable about the implementation of the agreement. The findings indicate that the forms of breach of contract committed by the debtor include improper performance inconsistent with the terms of the agreement, delay in repayment of the loan, and failure to return the principal capital. The legal consequences of such default include losses suffered by the creditor, claims for specific performance and additional repayment as compensation for damages, and the transfer of all risks of loss to the debtor. The dispute was addressed through deliberation and amicable negotiation; however, no final settlement was reached due to the absence of certainty regarding the timeline for full repayment. It is recommended that loan agreements be executed in written form and clearly stipulate the amount of debt, duration, repayment mechanism, and dispute resolution procedures. Furthermore, firm action should be taken in response to breach of contract through available legal remedies in order to ensure legal certainty. The involvement of neutral third parties, such as gampong officials and mediators, is also necessary to ensure that deliberation and negotiation processes are conducted effectively and provide legal certainty for the parties involved.