Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Salmonellosis merupakan penyakit zoonosis akibat infeksi Salmonella typhimurium yang
penanganannya semakin terkendala oleh meningkatnya resistensi antibiotik, sehingga diperlukan
alternatif antibakteri berbahan alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas
antibakteri ekstrak metanol umbi sarang semut Hydnophytum formicarum asal Aceh Besar terhadap
Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan
rancangan acak lengkap menggunakan metode difusi cakram (Kirby–Bauer). Ekstrak metanol umbi
sarang semut diuji pada tiga konsentrasi, yaitu 25%, 50%, dan 75%, dengan ciprofloxacin sebagai
kontrol positif dan Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) 1% sebagai kontrol negatif. Parameter yang
diamati adalah diameter zona hambat setelah inkubasi pada suhu 37°C selama 24 jam. Data
dianalisis menggunakan uji One Way ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh
konsentrasi ekstrak menghasilkan zona hambat terhadap Salmonella typhimurium, dengan diameter
rata-rata masing-masing sebesar 7,77 mm pada konsentrasi 25%, 8,80 mm pada konsentrasi 50%,
dan 9,53 mm pada konsentrasi 75%. Nilai tersebut tergolong dalam kategori aktivitas antibakteri
sedang, yang menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri meskipun
efektivitasnya masih terbatas. Kontrol positif ciprofloxacin menghasilkan diameter zona hambat
sebesar 33,97 mm yang termasuk kategori kuat, menandakan aktivitas antibakteri yang tinggi,
sedangkan kontrol negatif tidak menunjukkan adanya zona hambat. Peningkatan konsentrasi ekstrak
diikuti oleh peningkatan diameter zona hambat, meskipun secara statistik konsentrasi 50% dan 75%
tidak berbeda nyata.

Salmonellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by infection with Salmonella typhimurium, whose treatment is increasingly challenged by the rising incidence of antibiotic resistance; therefore, alternative natural antibacterial agents are needed. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of methanolic extract of ant nest tubers Hydnophytum formicarum originating from Aceh Besar against Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028. This experimental study employed a completely randomized design using the disc diffusion (Kirby–Bauer) method. The methanolic extract of ant nest tubers was tested at three concentrations, namely 25%, 50%, and 75%, with ciprofloxacin as a positive control and 1% Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) as a negative control. The parameter observed was the diameter of the inhibition zone after incubation at 37°C for 24 hours. Data were analyzed using One Way ANOVA. The results showed that all extract concentrations produced inhibition zones against Salmonella typhimurium, with mean diameters of 7.77 mm at 25%, 8.80 mm at 50%, and 9.53 mm at 75%. These values were classified as moderate antibacterial activity, indicating that the extract was able to inhibit bacterial growth, although its effectiveness was still limited. The positive control ciprofloxacin produced an inhibition zone diameter of 33.97 mm, which was classified as strong, indicating high antibacterial activity, while the negative control showed no inhibition zone. Increasing extract concentration was followed by an increase in inhibition zone diameter; however, concentrations of 50% and 75% were not significantly different statistically.