Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Interaksi negatif antara monyet ekor panjang (Macaca fascicularis) dan petani sawit di Kecamatan Kuala Pesisir semakin meningkat seiring dengan perubahan lanskap dan berkurangnya habitat alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi bentuk interaksi negatif, menganalisis penyebab terjadinya, serta mengetahui dampak yang dialami petani akibat keberadaan monyet ekor panjang di perkebunan kelapa sawit rakyat. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan September hingga Oktober 2025 di Desa Kuala Baro dan Desa Padang Rubek menggunakan metode wawancara mendalam dengan 30 responden yang dipilih secara purposive sampling serta observasi lapangan partisipatif. Data dianalisis secara kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tiga bentuk interaksi negatif utama: perusakan Tandan Buah Segar (TBS) dengan pola konsumsi parsial (66,7 persen di Kuala Baro; 53,3 persen di Padang Rubek), kerusakan vegetatif berupa pematahan pelepah dan tunas muda (33,3 persen di Kuala Baro; 26,7 persen di Padang Rubek), serta gangguan terhadap aktivitas kerja dan keselamatan petani (20,0 persen di Padang Rubek). Penyebab utama konflik adalah ketersediaan pakan melimpah di kebun sawit (53,3 persen di Kuala Baro; 40,0 persen di Padang Rubek) yang dipicu oleh berkurangnya habitat alami akibat fragmentasi hutan (46,7 persen di Kuala Baro; 33,3 persen di Padang Rubek). Monyet menunjukkan perilaku adaptif dengan datang pada pagi (07.00–09.00) dan sore hari (16.00–18.00) untuk menghindari aktivitas petani. Dampak yang ditimbulkan bersifat multidimensional meliputi penurunan hasil panen TBS sebesar 10–15 persen di Kuala Baro dan 10–30 persen di Padang Rubek, peningkatan biaya operasional, kehilangan waktu kerja, perubahan pola kerja, serta tekanan psikologis berupa rasa waspada berlebihan dan ketakutan. Metode penanganan yang diterapkan petani masih bersifat tradisional dan reaktif, didominasi oleh penggunaan alat fisik (40,0% di Kuala Baro; 46,7 persen di Padang Rubek) dan metode berbasis suara (33,3 persen di Kuala Baro; 26,7 persen di Padang Rubek), namun efektivitasnya terbatas karena monyet menunjukkan kemampuan adaptasi tinggi. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa konflik merupakan konsekuensi dari ketidakseimbangan ekologis akibat transformasi lanskap dan ketergantungan ekonomi masyarakat pada perkebunan sawit, sehingga memerlukan strategi mitigasi komprehensif yang mengintegrasikan aspek ekologi, ekonomi, dan sosial secara berkelanjutan.

Negative interactions between long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) and oil palm farmers in Kuala Pesisir District are increasing along with landscape changes and the reduction of natural habitat. This study aims to identify the forms of negative interactions, analyze the causes of their occurrence, and determine the impacts experienced by farmers due to the presence of long-tailed macaques in smallholder oil palm plantations. The study was conducted from September to October 2025 in Kuala Baro Village and Padang Rubek Village using in-depth interviews with 30 respondents selected through purposive sampling and participatory field observation. Data were analyzed qualitatively descriptively with a triangulation approach. The results showed three main forms of negative interactions: destruction of Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) with a partial consumption pattern (66.7 percent in Kuala Baro; 53.3 percent in Padang Rubek), vegetative damage in the form of broken fronds and young shoots (33.3 percent in Kuala Baro; 26.7 percent in Padang Rubek), and disruption to work activities and farmer safety (20.0 percent in Padang Rubek). The main cause of conflict is the availability of abundant food in oil palm plantations (53.3 percent in Kuala Baro; 40.0 percent in Padang Rubek) triggered by the reduction of natural habitat due to forest fragmentation (46.7 percent in Kuala Baro; 33.3 percent in Padang Rubek). Monkeys exhibit adaptive behavior by coming in the morning (07.00–09.00) and afternoon (16.00–18.00) to avoid farmer activities. The impacts are multidimensional including a decrease in FFB harvests by 10–15 percent in Kuala Baro and 10–30 percent in Padang Rubek, increased operational costs, loss of work time, changes in work patterns, and psychological stress in the form of hypervigilance and fear. The management methods applied by farmers are still traditional and reactive, dominated by the use of physical tools (40.0% in Kuala Baro; 46.7 percent in Padang Rubek) and sound-based methods (33.3 percent in Kuala Baro; 26.7 percent in Padang Rubek), but their effectiveness is limited because monkeys show high adaptability. This study concludes that conflict is a consequence of ecological imbalance due to landscape transformation and the community's economic dependence on oil palm plantations, thus requiring a comprehensive mitigation strategy that integrates ecological, economic, and social aspects in a sustainable manner.