Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Dalam menjalankan kewenangannya yang bersifat final dan mengikat Mahkamah Konstitusi dituntut untuk menjaga independensi dan imparsialitas serta menjunjung tinggi asas nemo judex in causa sua sebagai bagian dari prinsip peradilan yang adil. Namun, Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 90/PUU- XXI/2023 mengenai batas usia calon presiden dan wakil presiden menimbulkan polemik serius karena adanya dugaan konflik kepentingan yang melibatkan Hakim konstitusi dalam pemeriksaan perkara tersebut. Putusan ini dinilai berpotensi melanggar asas nemo judex in causa sua dan berdampak pada menurunnya kepercayaan publik terhadap integritas Mahkamah Konstitusi sebagai lembaga penegak keadilan konstitusional.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan memahami penerapan asas nemo judex in causa sua dalam sistem peradilan di Indonesia, mengkaji relevansi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 90/PUU-XXI/2023 terhadap asas tersebut, serta menilai implikasi putusan tersebut terhadap independensi dan integritas sistem peradilan di Indonesia.

Metode penelitian hukum yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, kasus, dan konseptual. Data diperoleh melalui penelitian kepustakaan dengan menelaah bahan hukum primer berupa Undang- Undang Dasar NRI Tahun 1945, Undang-Undang terkait Mahkamah Konstitusi, serta Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 90/PUU-XXI/2023, yang didukung oleh bahan hukum sekunder dan tersier. Analisis data dilakukan secara sistematis dan deskriptif untuk mengkaji penerapan asas nemo judex in causa sua serta implikasinya terhadap sistem peradilan di Indonesia.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun asas nemo judex in causa sua telah diakui secara normatif. Namun penerapannya dalam sistem peradilan Indonesia masih terbilang belum efektif dalam mencegah konflik kepentingan hakim. Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 90/PUU-XXI/2023 dinilai melanggar asas tersebut karena melibatkan hakim yang memiliki hubungan keluarga dengan pihak yang diuntungkan, sehingga melemahkan prinsip imparsialitas, kepastian hukum, dan kepercayaan publik terhadap Mahkamah Konstitusi.

Disarankan agar aparat penegak hukum, khususnya hakim, meningkatkan komitmen etik dengan menjadikan asas nemo judex in causa sua sebagai kewajiban hukum sekaligus tanggung jawab moral. Hal ini perlu didukung melalui pendidikan dan pelatihan berkelanjutan guna mencegah konflik kepentingan dan membangun budaya peradilan yang berintegritas.

In exercising its authority, which is final and binding, the Constitutional Court is required to safeguard its independence and impartiality and to uphold the principle of nemo judex in causa sua as an integral part of the right to a fair trial. However, Constitutional Court Decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023 concerning the age limit for presidential and vice-presidential candidates has generated serious controversy due to allegations of a conflict of interest involving a constitutional justice in the adjudication of the case. This decision is considered to potentially violate the principle of nemo judex in causa sua and to have resulted in a decline in public trust in the integrity of the Constitutional Court as an institution entrusted with upholding constitutional justice. This study aims to examine and understand the application of the principle of nemo judex in causa sua within the Indonesian judicial system, to analyze the relevance of Constitutional Court Decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023 to that principle, and to assess the implications of the decision for the independence and integrity of the judicial system in Indonesia. The legal research method employed is normative juridical research, using statutory, case, and conceptual approaches. Data were obtained through library research by examining primary legal materials, including the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, statutes governing the Constitutional Court, and Constitutional Court Decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023, supported by secondary and tertiary legal materials. Data analysis was conducted systematically and descriptively to evaluate the application of the principle of nemo judex in causa sua and its implications for the Indonesian judicial system. The findings indicate that although the principle of nemo judex in causa sua has been normatively recognized, its implementation within the Indonesian judicial system remains ineffective in preventing judicial conflicts of interest. Constitutional Court Decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023 is considered to violate this principle because it involved a justice who had a familial relationship with a party that benefited from the decision, thereby undermining the principles of impartiality, legal certainty, and public trust in the Constitutional Court. It is therefore recommended that law enforcement officials, particularly judges, strengthen their ethical commitment by treating the principle of nemo judex in causa sua as both a legal obligation and a moral responsibility. This commitment should be supported through continuous education and training to prevent conflicts of interest and to foster a culture of judicial integrity.