Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Pakan sangat mempengaruhi keberhasilan usaha peternakan ayam broiler. Dalam usaha peternakan ayam, biaya produksi tertinggi digunakan untuk produksi pakan. Pemilihan bahan yang tepat dapat meningkatkan kualitas produksi dan kesehatan ternak yang dihasilkan, termasuk ayam broiler. Ulat hongkong (Tenebrio molitor) dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pakan alternatif sumber protein. Berbagai studi yang telah dilakukan memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda-beda, sehingga dibutuhkan analisis yang dapat menghasilkan kesimpulan umum terkait potensi pemberian Tenebrio molitor terhadap produktivitas dan kesehatan ayam broiler.
Penelitian diawali dengan pencarian artikel melalui database Google Scholar dan Scopus sehingga diperoleh 1923 artikel menggunakan kata kunci Tenebrio molitor,mealworm, broiler chicken, performance, feed conversion ratio, hematology, ayam pedaging, ulat, karkas, bobot badan, pakan, ulat hongkong yang dihubungkan dengan Boolean operator AND dan OR. Selanjutnya dilakukan seleksi artikel berdasarkan diagram alir PRISMA dengan menggunakan Microsoft Excel dan Mendeley. Hasil ekstraksi data dari 25 artikel yang diinklusi dalam meta-analisis kemudian diolah dalam bentuk basis data di Microsoft Excel, dikonversi ke satuan yang sama dan selanjutnya dilakukan analisis dengan prosedur mixed model menggunakan perangkat lunak Statistical Analysis System (SAS). Parameter yang diukur adalah bobot badan atau body weight (BW), pertambahan berat badan atau body weight gain (BWG), pertumbuhan rata-rata harian atau average daily gain (ADG), konsumsi pakan atau feed intake (FI), rata-rata konsumsi pakan harian atau average daily feed intake (ADFI), konversi pakan atau feed conversion ratio (FCR), berat karkas atau carcass weight (CW), persentase karkas atau carcass yield (CY), abdominal fat, total protein, kolesterol (cholesterol), glukosa (glucose), asam urat (uric acid), haemoglobin, sel darah merah (erythrocytes), sel darah putih (leukocytes), albumin, dan globulin. Setelah itu, akan dilakukan tabulasi data-data dari setiap artikel yang dimuat di perangkat lunak Microsoft Excel.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan Tenebrio molitor sebagai pakan ternak menunjukkan pengaruh signifikan secara kuadratik menurunkan BWG (62,13 g), FI (112,42 g), CY (70,47%), dan albumin (20,71) (P0,05). Namun demikian, tidak terdappat efek signifikan (P>0,05) terhadap BW, ADG, ADFI, FCR, CW, abdominal fat, protein total, kolesterol, glukosa, hemoglobin, eritrosit, leukosit dan globulin dengan pemanfaatan Tenebrio molitor sebagai pakan ayam broiler. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian Tenebrio molitor berpotensi sebagai pakan ayam broiler. Penggunaan dosis optimal Tenebrio molitor pada ayam broiler sebesar 17,04%. Dosis pemberian harus diperhatikan karena Tenebrio molitor mengandung zat antinutrisi berupa kitin dan tannin agar tidak memberi pengaruh negatif pada performa dan kesehatan ayam broiler.

Feed greatly affects the success of broiler farming. In chicken farming, the highest production costs are used for feed production. Selection of the right ingredients can improve the quality of production and health of livestock produced, including broiler chickens. Hongkong caterpillar (Tenebrio molitor) can be utilized as an alternative feed source of protein. Various studies that have been conducted provide different effects, so an analysis is needed that can produce general conclusions regarding the potential of feeding Tenebrio molitor to broiler productivity and healthy. The results of these studies can be analyzed using the meta-analysis method. The research began with a search for articles through the Google Scholar and Scopus databases so that 1923 articles were obtained using the keywords Tenebrio molitor, mealworm, broiler chicken, performance, feed conversion ratio, broilers, caterpillars, carcasses, body weight, feed, hongkong caterpillars connected with Boolean operators AND and OR. Furthermore, article selection was carried out based on the PRISMA flow chart using Microsoft Excel and Mendeley. The results of data extraction from 25 articles included in the meta-analysis were then processed in the form of a database in Microsoft Excel, converted to the same unit and then analyzed with mixed model procedures using Statistical Analysis System (SAS) software. The parameters measured were body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), average daily growth (ADG), feed consumption (FI), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcass weight (CW), carcass yield (CY), abdominal fat, total protein, cholesterol, glucose, uric acid, haemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes, albumin, and globulin. Data from each article were tabulated in Microsoft Excel software. The results showed that the use of Tenebrio molitor as animal feed showed a quadratically significant effect in reducing BWG (62.13 g), FI (112.42 g), CY (70.47%), and albumin (20.71) (P0.05). However, there was no significant effect (P>0.05) on BW, ADG, ADFI, FCR, CW, Abdominal fat, Total protein, cholesterol, glucose, hemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and globulin by utilizing Tenebrio molitor as broiler feed. It can be concluded that the provision of Tenebrio molitor has the potential as broiler feed. The optimal use of Tenebrio molitor in broiler chickens is 17.04%. The feeding dose must be considered because Tenebrio molitor contains antinutrients in the form of chitin and tannin so as not to have a negative effect on the performance and health of broiler chickens.