Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Cabai merupakan komoditas hortikultura penting di Indonesia yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi, namun produktivitasnya sering rendah akibat teknik budidaya dan pemupukan yang kurang tepat. Pupuk Mono Kalium Fosfat (MKP) mengandung unsur fosfor dan kalium yang berperan penting dalam pembentukan bunga, buah, dan kualitas hasil panen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh varietas, Konsentrasi pupuk MKP, serta interaksinya terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil beberapa varietas cabai. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, pada Juni hingga Oktober 2025, menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok pola faktorial 4 × 3 dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah empat varietas cabai, yaitu Genie, Sigantung, Namira, dan Fish Paper, sedangkan faktor kedua adalah Konsentrasi MKP 0, 5, dan 10 g L-1 air.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa varietas berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman umur 30, 45, 60 HST, tinggi dikotomus umur 30, 45, 60 HST, umur berbunga, umur panen, jumlah buah per tanaman, bobot buah per tanaman, bobot per buah, panjang buah, dan diameter buah, serta menunjukkan pengaruh nyata terhadap diameter batang umur 45 dan 60 HST. Varietas Sigantung memiliki pertumbuhan vegetatif terbaik dengan tinggi tanaman, tinggi dikotomus, dan diameter batang terbesar, sedangkan varietas Genie menghasilkan jumlah dan bobot buah tertinggi. Perlakuan Konsentrasi pupuk MKP berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman dan tinggi dikotomus umur 30 hari setelah tanam (HST), yaitu pada Konsentrasi 5 g L-1 memberikan hasil pertumbuhan terbaik, tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap hasil buah. Tidak ditemukan interaksi signifikan antara varietas dan konsentrasi pupuk MKP terhadap semua parameter yang diamati. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan varietas memiliki pengaruh dominan terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil cabai, sedangkan konsentrasi pupuk MKP 5 g L-1 hanya efektif meningkatkan pertumbuhan vegetatif tanpa meningkatkan hasil panen secara signifikan.

Chili peppers are an important horticultural commodity in Indonesia with high economic value, but their productivity is often low due to inappropriate cultivation techniques and fertilization. Monopotassium Phosphate (MKP) fertilizer contains phosphorus and potassium, which play a vital role in flower and fruit formation and crop quality. This study aimed to determine the effect of varieties, MKP fertilizer concentration, and their interactions on the growth and yield of several chili varieties. The study was conducted at the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, from June to October 2025, using a 4 × 3 factorial randomized block design with three replications. The first factor was four chili varieties: Genie, Sigantung, Namira, and Fish Paper, while the second factor was MKP concentrations of 0, 5, and 10 g L-1 of water. The results showed that the variety had a very significant effect on plant height at 30, 45, and 60 days after planting (DAP), dichotomous height at 30, 45, and 60 days after planting (DAP), flowering age, harvest age, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight per plant, weight per fruit, fruit length, and fruit diameter, and showed a significant effect on stem diameter at 45 and 60 days after planting (DAP). The Sigantung variety had the best vegetative growth with the largest plant height, dichotomous height, and stem diameter, while the Genie variety produced the highest number and weight of fruits. The MKP fertilizer concentration treatment had a significant effect on plant height and dichotomous height at 30 days after planting (DAP), namely at a concentration of 5 g L-1 giving the best growth results, but had no significant effect on fruit yield. No significant interaction was found between varieties and MKP fertilizer concentrations on all observed parameters. The results showed that differences in varieties had a dominant effect on chili growth and yield, while the MKP fertilizer concentration of 5 g L-1 was only effective in increasing vegetative growth without significantly increasing yields.