Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Ubi jalar (Ipomoea batatas L.) merupakan salah satu produk pertanian Indonesia yang potensial untuk dijadikan alternatif makanan pokok, bahan baku industri dan makanan ternak. Ubi jalar termasuk komoditas sumber karbohidrat utama setelah padi, jagung dan ubi kayu, selain karbohidrat sebagai kandungan utamanya, ubi jalar mengandung vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, protein, lemak, kalsium, fosfor, zat besi, mineral, fitokimia dan serat. Bemisia tabaci merupakan salah satu hama penting yang menyerang ubi jalar dan menyerang daun tanaman bagian bawah dengan berkelompok, akibat dari hama ini bisa mengakibatkan daun menjadi menguning dan kering, sehingga daun-daun menjadi berguguran dan tanaman bisa mati jika dibiarkan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mempelajari dan mengetahui pengaruh beberapa varietas tanaman ubi jalar terhadap serangan B. tabaci di Desa Saree Aceh Kabupaten Aceh Besar.
Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di lahan ubi jalar milik rakyat Desa Saree Aceh, Kecamatan Lembah Seulawah Kabupaten Aceh Besar sejak Juli-Agustus 2024. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) non Faktorial yang terdiri dari 3 perlakuan terdiri dari V1 yaitu varietas Ayamurasaki, V2 yaitu varietas Antin-1 dan V3 yaitu varietas Beta 2 dengan masing-masing 3 ulangan. Masing-masing perlakuan terdiri dari 25 unit tanaman sampel sehingga diperoleh 75 unit percobaan. Peubah yang diamati meliputi kelimpahan populasi nimfa dan imago kutu kebul, persentase serangan, intensitas serangan dan gejala serangan pada 44, 58 dan 72 HST.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa varietas ubi jalar yang berbeda berpengaruh terhadap tingkat serangan B. tabaci. Kelimpahan populasi nimfa tertinggi dijumpai pada pengamatan 72 HST varietas Beta 2 sebesar 27,60, dan kelimpahan populasi nimfa paling rendah dijumpai pada pengamatan 44 HST varietas Ayamurasaki sebesar 14,20. Kelimpahan imago tertinggi dijumpai pada 44 HST varietas Beta 2 sebesar 7,20, sedangkan kelimpahan populasi imago terendah dijumpai pada 58 HST varietas Antin-1 sebesar 2,40. Persentase serangan tertinggi pada varietas Ayamurasaki terjadi pada akhir pengamatan (72 HST) sebesar 73,79%, dan serangan terendah pada varietas Antin-1 dan Beta 2 yaitu 61,89% dan 60,87%. Intensitas serangan tertinggi pada varietas Ayamurasaki sebesar 25,22% dan instensitas serangan terendah pada varietas Antin-1 sebesar 19,51%. Gejala yang ditimbulkan akibat serangan langsung B. tabaci berupa bercak nekrotik dan klorosis pada bagian daun, sedangkan serangan tidak langsung dapat menghasilkan embun madu yang menjadi media pertumbuhan jamur jelaga yang dapat menghambat laju proses fotosintesis.

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is one of Indonesia’s agricultural products with high potential as an alternative staple food, industrial raw material, and animal feed. Sweet potato is one of the main carbohydrate sources after rice, maize, and cassava. In addition to carbohydrates as its primary component, sweet potato contains vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, protein, fat, calcium, phosphorus, iron, minerals, phytochemicals, and dietary fiber. Bemisia tabaci is an important pest attacking sweet potato, particularly the lower leaves in groups. Infestation by this pest can cause leaves to turn yellow and dry, resulting in leaf drop and even plant death if left uncontrolled. This study aimed to determine the level of whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) attack on several sweet potato varieties in Saree Aceh Village, Aceh Besar Regency. The research was conducted on farmers’ sweet potato fields in Saree Aceh Village, Lembah Seulawah District, Aceh Besar Regency, from July to August 2024. The experiment used a non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of three treatments: V1 (Ayamurasaki variety), V2 (Antin-1 variety), and V3 (Beta 2 variety), with three replications. Each treatment consisted of 25 sample plants, resulting in a total of 75 experimental units. Observed variables included the abundance of whitefly nymph and adult populations, percentage of attack, attack intensity, and attack symptoms at 44, 58, and 72 days after planting (DAP). The results showed that different sweet potato varieties affected the level of B. tabaci attack. The highest nymph population abundance was recorded at 72 DAP on the Beta 2 variety (27.60), while the lowest was observed at 44 DAP on the Ayamurasaki variety (14.20). The highest adult population abundance occurred at 44 DAP on the Beta 2 variety (7.20), whereas the lowest was found at 58 DAP on the Antin-1 variety (2.40). The highest percentage of attack was observed on the Ayamurasaki variety at the end of the observation period (72 DAP), reaching 73.79%, while the lowest attack percentages were recorded on the Antin-1 and Beta 2 varieties, at 61.89% and 60.87%, respectively. The highest attack intensity was found on the Ayamurasaki variety (25.22%), and the lowest on the Antin-1 variety (19.51%). Direct damage caused by B. tabaci was characterized by necrotic spots and chlorosis on the leaves, while indirect damage resulted in honeydew production that promoted the growth of sooty mold, thereby inhibiting the photosynthesis process.