Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi, memetakan, dan menganalisis potensi sumber daya energi baru dan terbarukan (EBT) di Provinsi Aceh serta merumuskan model pengembangan energi berkelanjutan berbasis potensi lokal dan kemajuan teknologi. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) untuk pemetaan spasial potensi energi, simulasi teknis dan ekonomi dengan perangkat lunak HOMER Pro, serta penerapan machine learning berbasis Artificial Neural Network (ANN) untuk prediksi kebutuhan energi dan pemilihan teknologi konversi yang optimal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Provinsi Aceh memiliki potensi EBT yang sangat beragam, meliputi biomassa sebesar ±1,5 GW (500 MW layak dikembangkan secara ekonomi), tenaga air ±1.500 MW, mikrohidro ±200 MW, tenaga surya ±7.881 MW, tenaga angin ±160 MW, dan panas bumi ±200 MW. Hasil simulasi sistem energi hibrida (PLTS–angin–mikrohidro–biomassa) menunjukkan biaya energi (Levelized Cost of Energy / LCOE) berkisar antara USD 0,09–0,13/kWh, dengan kontribusi energi terbarukan mencapai lebih dari 80% dari total bauran energi serta potensi pengurangan emisi karbon sekitar 1,2 juta ton CO₂ per tahun. Dari sisi ekonomi, analisis kelayakan menunjukkan nilai Net Present Value (NPV) positif, Internal Rate of Return (IRR) sebesar 38%, dan periode pengembalian modal kurang dari lima tahun. Tantangan utama pengembangan EBT di Aceh meliputi keterbatasan infrastruktur, teknologi penyimpanan energi, kapasitas SDM, serta dinamika kebijakan dan kompleksitas regulasi. Namun demikian, peluang besar muncul melalui skema pendanaan hijau, kemitraan publik–swasta, dan penerapan teknologi digital. Hasil penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa pengembangan EBT di Aceh layak secara teknis, ekonomis, dan sosial-lingkungan serta berpotensi menjadikan Aceh sebagai model provinsi energi terbarukan berkelanjutan di Indonesia bagian barat.

This research aims to identify, map, and analyse the potential of new and renewable energy (NRE) resources in Aceh Province, as well as to formulate a sustainable energy development model based on local potential and technological advancement. The research employs a Geographic Information System (GIS) approach for spatial mapping of energy potential, technical and economic simulations using HOMER Pro software, and the application of machine learning based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to predict energy demand and select the optimal conversion technology. The results indicate that Aceh Province possesses highly diverse NRE potentials, including biomass of approximately ±1.5 GW (500 MW economically viable), hydropower ±1,500 MW, micro-hydro ±200 MW, solar energy ±7,881 MW, wind energy ±160 MW, and geothermal energy ±200 MW. The hybrid energy system simulation (solar–wind–micro-hydro–biomass) shows a Levelised Cost of Energy (LCOE) ranging between USD 0.09 and 0.13/kWh, with renewable energy contributing more than 80% of the total energy mix and a potential carbon emission reduction of around 1.2 million tons of CO₂ per year. From an economic perspective, the feasibility analysis shows a positive Net Present Value (NPV), an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 38%, and a payback period of less than five years. The main challenges in developing NRE in Aceh include limited infrastructure, energy storage technology, and human resource capacity, as well as policy dynamics and regulatory complexity. Nevertheless, significant opportunities arise through green financing schemes, public–private partnerships, and the adoption of digital technologies. The findings of this research affirm that NRE development in Aceh is technically, economically, and socio-environmentally feasible, and holds strong potential to position Aceh as a model province for sustainable renewable energy development in western Indonesia.