Electronic Theses and Dissertation

isang (Musa sp.) merupakan buah yang paling populer dan digemari masyarakat Indonesia pisang termasuk komoditas unggulan yang memiliki keanekaragaman varietas lokal seperti pisang Susu, Tanduk, Kepok, dan Barangan, namun pengembangan pisang masih terkendala oleh keterbatasan ketersediaan bibit unggul yang sehat, seragam dan tersedia dalam jumlah besar. Salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut adalah dengan menerapkan teknik perbanyakan melalui kultur jaringan yang mampu menghasilkan bibit dalam jumlah besar, waktu yang relatif singkat, serta bebas dari penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh inisiasi eksplan beberapa jenis bonggol pisang lokal secara kultur jaringan. Penelitian telah dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, yang telah dari bulan Desember 2024 hingga Mei 2025. Bahan yang digunakan adalah eksplan bonggol pisang varietas Susu, Tanduk, Kepok, dan Barangan. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non-faktorial dengan empat perlakuan varietas dan masing-masing diulang sepuluh kali dengan parameter yang diamati meliputi persentase eksplan hidup, tingkat kontaminasi, waktu terbuka pelepah, dan warna pelepah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa varietas pisang Kepok memberikan respons pertumbuhan terbaik dengan persentase eksplan hidup mencapai 80% pada minggu keempat setelah inisiasi, disertai warna pelepah yang tetap hijau dan waktu terbuka pelepah lebih cepat 2 minggu dibandingkan varietas lainnya. Sebaliknya, varietas Tanduk, Barangan, dan Susu mengalami penurunan daya hidup eksplan secara signifikan sejak minggu kedua, yang disebabkan oleh tingginya tingkat kontaminasi dan pencoklatan jaringan.

Bananas (Musa sp.) are the most popular fruit among Indonesians. Bananas are a leading commodity with a wide variety of local varieties such as Susu, Tanduk, Kepok, and Barangan, but banana development is still hampered by the limited availability of healthy, uniform, and large quantities of high-quality seeds. One solution to overcome this problem is to apply tissue culture propagation techniques, which can produce seedlings in large quantities, in a relatively short time, and free from disease. This study aims to determine the effect of tissue culture initiation of several types of local banana corms. The study was conducted at the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, from December 2024 to May 2025. The materials used were explants of Susu, Tanduk, Kepok, and Barangan banana varieties. The study used a non-factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with four variety treatments, each repeated ten times, with the parameters observed including the percentage of live explants, contamination level, leaf opening time, and leaf color. The results showed that the Kepok banana variety provided the best growth response with a percentage of live explants reaching 80% in the fourth week after initiation, accompanied by a green leaf color and leaf opening time. The materials used were banana corm explants of the Susu, Tanduk, Kepok, and Barangan varieties. The study used a non-factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with four variety treatments, each repeated ten times, with the parameters observed including the percentage of live explants, contamination level, leaf sheath opening time, and leaf sheath color. The results showed that the Kepok banana variety provided the best growth response with a percentage of live explants reaching 80% in the fourth week after initiation, accompanied by a green leaf color and a faster leaf opening time of 2 weeks compared to other varieties. In contrast, the Tanduk, Barangan, and Susu varieties experienced a significant decline in explant viability from the second week onwards, due to high levels of contamination and tissue browning.