Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Kedelai Edamame merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman legum yang menjadi sumber protein nabati yang unggul karena memiliki kandungan gizi yang sangat baik bagi kesehatan. Kedelai ini sangat terkenal di negara Jepang dan telah dikembangkan di Indonesia namun pengembangannya belum begitu luas. Daerah yang telah lama mengembangkan kedelai edamame ini adalah di Jawa Timur yaitu di Jember dan Banyuwangi. Di Aceh, penanaman kedelai edamame ini begitu terkenal dibandingkan dengan kedelai biasa atau kedelai lokal, sehingga perlu uji adaptasi pada berbagai tanah yang dapat dijadikan sebagai lahan pengembangan. Sasaran pengembangannya akan menggunakan lahan kering yang relatif kurang subur, namun tidak semua ordo tanah memiliki kesuburan yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji respons pertumbuhan dan serapan nitrogen tanaman kedelai edamame terhadap perlakuan hara pupuk di tanah Entisol Darussalam, Banda Aceh dengan menggunakan percobaan omisi yaitu perlakuan hara lengkap yang dibandingkan dengan perlakuan minus salah satu unsur hara. Percobaan dilakukan di Rumah Kasa dalam polibag di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh dengan ketinggian tempat 3 meter di atas permukaan laut. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktor tunggal yang terdiri atas 8 perlakuan hara pupuk yaitu: perlakuan pemberian N, P, K, Ca, Mg, dan S sebagai perlakuan hara lengkap (Al), pemberian hara lengkap, tanpa N (A-N), pemberian hara lengkap, tanpa P (A-P), pemberian hara lengkap, tanpa K (A-K), pemberian hara lengkap, tanpa Ca (A-Ca), pemberian hara lengkap, tanpa Mg (A-Mg), dan pemberian hara lengkap, tanpa S (A-S) , serta di perlakuan tanpa pemberian pupuk (Ao). Setiap perlakuan diulang 3 kali sehingga diperoleh 24 unit percobaan. Sumber hara N, P, K,Ca, Mg, dan S masing-masing digunakan Urea (46%N), SP-36 (36% P2O5), KCl (60% K2O), CaCO3 (40% Ca), MgO dan S elementer (tepung belerang (21-25% S). Parameter yang diamati adalah tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, konsentrasi N daun, dan serapan Nitrogen. Tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun diamati pada umur tanaman kedelai 7, 21, 35, dan 49 hari setelah tanam (HST), sedangkan konsentrasi N daun diamati pada umur 45HST melalui analisis jaringan tanaman di laboratorium. Untuk mengetahui serapan N dilakukan pengamatan bobot kering tanaman atas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan hara berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman pada umur 35 dan 49 HST, tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap jumlah daun. Secara umum hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan hara lengkap (Al) memberikan respons yang lebih baik pada pengamatan tinggi tanaman, berat brangkasan kering, dan serapan Nitrogen jika dibandingkan dengan perlakuan minus hara. Defisiensi hara terjadi pada perlakuan kontrol dan perlakuan hara tanpa N (A-N). Rekomendasi kandungan N tanaman kedelai edamame berdasarkan hasil percobaan pada tanah Entisol adalah berkisar 23–46 kg N/ha atau terjadi defisit kebutuhan sekitar 9-25 kg/ha, sehingga masih diperlukan tambahan pupuk nitrogen. Namun untuk mendapatkan dosis pemupukan yang tepat perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut.

Edamame soybeans are a type of leguminous plant that serves as an excellent source of plant-based protein due to their high nutritional content, which is beneficial for health. These soybeans are very popular in Japan and have also been cultivated in Indonesia, although the extent of their cultivation is still limited. One of the main regions that has long developed edamame soybeans in Indonesia is East Java, particularly in Jember and Banyuwangi. In Aceh, edamame cultivation has gained more popularity compared to local or traditional soybeans, making it necessary to conduct adaptation tests on various types of soil that may be suitable for expanded cultivation. The targeted development area will utilize dry lands that are relatively less fertile; however, not all soil orders have high fertility. This study aimed to evaluate the growth response and nitrogen uptake of edamame soybeans in response to fertilization treatments on Entisol soil in Darussalam, Banda Aceh, using an omission experiment—comparing a complete nutrient treatment with treatments lacking one specific nutrient. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using polybags at the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, located at 3 meters above sea level. The study employed a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with a single factor consisting of 8 nutrient treatments: complete fertilization (Al), complete fertilization without nitrogen (A-N), without phosphorus (A-P), without potassium (A-K), without calcium (A-Ca), without magnesium (A-Mg), without sulfur (A-S), and a control treatment with no fertilizer (Ao). Each treatment was replicated three times, resulting in a total of 24 experimental units. The nutrient sources were Urea (46% N), SP-36 (36% P₂O₅), KCl (60% K₂O), CaCO₃ (40% Ca), MgO, and elemental sulfur powder (21–25% S). The observed parameters included plant height, number of leaves, leaf nitrogen concentration, and nitrogen uptake. Plant height and number of leaves were measured at 7, 21, 35, and 49 days after planting (DAP), while leaf nitrogen concentration was measured at 45 DAP through plant tissue analysis in the laboratory. Nitrogen uptake was assessed based on the dry weight of the plant's aboveground parts. The results showed that fertilization treatments significantly affected plant height at 35 and 49 DAP but had no significant effect on the number of leaves. Overall, the experiment showed that the complete nutrient treatment (Al) produced better results in terms of plant height, dry biomass, and nitrogen uptake compared to treatments with omitted nutrients. Nutrient deficiency symptoms were observed in the control (Ao) and the treatment without nitrogen (A-N). Based on the results, the recommended nitrogen content for edamame plants grown on Entisol soil is estimated at 23–46 kg N/ha, indicating a nitrogen deficit of about 9–25 kg/ha. Therefore, additional nitrogen fertilization is still required. However, further research is needed to determine the optimal fertilization dosage.