Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Tanaman cabai hias memiliki bentuk, warna, tipe buah, rasa, dan tampilannya yang unik. Selain dijadikan tanaman hias di pekarangan rumah, tanaman cabai hias juga dapat dikonsumsi sebagai bumbu dapur. Pada umumnya tanaman cabai hias ditanam di bawah tegakan pohon yang lebih tinggi, agar terhindar dari paparan sinar matahari secara langsung. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan karakter fisiologis pada pertumbuhan tanaman cabai hias hasil persilangan pada populasi F4 yang ditanam di dua lokasi yang berbeda, yaitu di bawah naungan 50 % dan di luar naungan. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan di Desa Lambhuk, Kecamatan Ulee Kareng, Banda Aceh, Laboratorium Genetika dan Pemuliaan Tanaman, dan Laboratorium Ilmu dan Teknologi Benih, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala, yang telah dilaksanakan dari Desember 2024 hingga Mei 2025. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) non-faktorial di dua lokasi yang berbeda. Masing-masing model penelitian menggunakan 10 genotipe yang diulang sebanyak 3 kali ulangan sehingga terdapat 30 unit percobaan. Setiap unit percobaan terdiri dari 2 tanaman sehingga terdapat 60 tanaman, terdiri dari dua lokasi yang berbeda (naungan 50 % dan di luar naungan) sehingga total keseluruhan adalah 120 tanaman. Parameter yang diamati meliputi fase vegetatif yaitu luas daun yang diamati pada umur 45 Hari Setelah Tanam (HST), fase generatif yang diamati pada umur 102 HST meliputi (tinggi tanaman, tinggi dikotomus, diameter batang, panjang daun, lebar daun, dan ketebalan kulit buah), dan karakter fisiologis meliputi (analisis kandungan klororfil yang diamati pada umur 45, 60, 65 HST, analisis kandungan vitamin C, dan uji total padatan terlarut). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan beberapa genotipe cabai hias hasil persilangan F4 yang diuji menunjukkan performa terbaik. Genotipe cabai hias hasil persilangan F4 pada kondisi naungan 50 % terbaik dijumpai pada beberapa parameter seperti tinggi dikotomus (F4S2V 9.11-15), ketebalan kulit buah (F4S2V 8.23-19), kandungan klorofil 45 HST (F4S2V 8.15-24), 60 HST (F4S2V 8.15-24), 65 HST (F4S2V 8.15-24), dan total padatan terlarut (F4S2V 9.11-15). Genotipe cabai hias hasil persilangan F4 pada kondisi di luar naungan terbaik dijumpai pada dua parameter seperti tinggi tanaman (Violeta) dan tinggi dikotomus (Violeta). Hasil penelitian tersebut menunjukkan adanya variasi genetik antar 10 genotipe dalam merespon dua kondisi yang berbeda. Penelitian ini harapannya dapat menjadi dasar seleksi tanaman cabai hias hasil persilangan yang dapat adaptif di lingkungan yang terbatas cahaya.
Kata Kunci: Cabai hias hasil persilangan F4, Karakter fisiologis, Naungan 50 %.

Ornamental chili plants have unique shapes, colors, fruit types, flavors, and appearances. In addition to being used as ornamental plants in the yard, ornamental chili plants can also be consumed as kitchen spices. In general, ornamental chili plants are planted under taller tree stands, to avoid direct exposure to sunlight. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there were differences in physiological characteristics in the growth of ornamental chili plants from crosses in the F4 population planted in two different locations, namely under 50 % shade and outside the shade. This research was conducted in Lambhuk Village, Ulee Kareng District, Banda Aceh, the Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, and the Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, which was carried out from December 2024 to May 2025. This study used a non-factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in two different locations. Each research model used 10 genotypes which were repeated 3 times so that there were 30 experimental units. Each experimental unit consisted of 2 plants so that there were 60 plants, consisting of two different locations (50 % shade and outside shade) so that the total was 120 plants. The parameters observed included the vegetative phase, namely leaf area observed at the age of 45 Days After Planting (DAP), the generative phase observed at the age of 102 DAP including (plant height, dichotomous height, stem diameter, leaf length, leaf width, and fruit skin thickness), and physiological characters including (analysis of chlorophyll content observed at the age of 45, 60, 65 DAP, analysis of vitamin C content, and total dissolved solids test). The results showed that several genotypes of ornamental chili from F4 crosses tested showed the best performance. The best genotypes of ornamental chili from F4 crosses under 50% shade conditions were found in several parameters such as dichotomous height (F4S2V 9.11-15), fruit skin thickness (F4S2V 8.23-19), chlorophyll content 45 DAP (F4S2V 8.15-24), 60 DAP (F4S2V 8.15-24), 65 DAP (F4S2V 8.15-24), and total dissolved solids (F4S2V 9.11-15). The best genotypes of ornamental chili from F4 crosses under conditions outside shade were found in two parameters such as plant height (Violeta) and dichotomous height (Violeta). The results of this study indicate genetic variation between 10 genotypes in responding to two different conditions. This study is expected to be the basis for selecting ornamental chili plants from crosses that can adapt in environments with limited light. Keywords: Ornamental chili from F4 crosses, Physiological characters, 50 % shade.