Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Masyarakat nelayan di desa Lhok Jaboi yang mengoperasikan alat tangkap rawai umumnya menggunakan umpan alami ikan merah, cumi cumi, ikan layur, dan ikan tongkol seperti ikan yang banyak terdapat di perairan Lhok Jaboi, namun nelayan belum mengetahui penggunaan umpan alami apa yang paling cocok dan memberikan hasil tangkapan terbanyak dan harga yang ekonomis. Namun hingga saat ini, belum ada data ilmiah yang menunjukkan jenis umpan alami mana yang paling optimal dalam meningkatkan hasil tangkapan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan tiga jenis umpan alami, yaitu ikan todak, ikan layur, dan ikan tongkol, terhadap hasil tangkapan ikan menggunakan rawai dasar di perairan Lhok Jaboi, Kecamatan Sukajaya, Kota Sabang. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama satu bulan, yaitu pada tanggal 4 September hingga 5 Oktober 2023, melalui eksperimen lapangan selama sembilan kali trip penangkapan. Masing-masing jenis umpan digunakan secara bergantian dalam tiga trip. Penangkapan dilakukan menggunakan kapal Samudra dengan rawai dasar sepanjang 140-150 meter dan dengan 30-35 mata pancing dan jaraknya 3-4 m antar mata pancing dioperasikan pada kedalaman dasar perairan rata-rata 20-30 m selama ±14 jam tiap trip. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi jenis ikan, jumlah individu, dan berat hasil tangkapan per jenis umpan. Data hasil tangkapan dianalisis menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis umpan terhadap hasil tangkapan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara visual, umpan ikan layur menghasilkan jumlah dan berat tangkapan tertinggi, diikuti oleh ikan todak dan ikan tongkol. Komposisi hasil tangkapan didominasi oleh ikan kakap merah (Lutjanus malabaricus), kakap domba (Lutjanus johnii), dan kerapu merah (Epinephelus spp.). Namun, hasil uji ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan hasil tangkapan antar jenis umpan tidak signifikan secara statistik (p > 0,05). Dengan demikian, ketiga jenis umpan tersebut dapat digunakan secara fleksibel sesuai kondisi dan ketersediaan di lapangan. Penelitian lanjutan disarankan dengan jumlah trip yang lebih banyak dan pengendalian variabel lingkungan untuk memperoleh hasil yang lebih akurat.

Kata kunci: Rawai dasar, umpan, Jaboi Sabang

Fishermen in Lhok Jaboi Village who operate bottom longline fishing gear commonly use natural bait such as red fish, squid, ribbonfish (ikan layur), and mackerel tuna (ikan tongkol), which are abundant in the waters of Lhok Jaboi. However, fishermen still lack knowledge regarding which natural bait is most suitable and provides the highest catch yield at a more economical cost. To date, there is no scientific data indicating which type of natural bait is most optimal for increasing fishing efficiency in the area. This study aims to determine the effect of using three types of natural bait—swordfish (ikan todak), ribbonfish, and mackerel tuna—on the fish catch results using bottom longline gear in the waters of Lhok Jaboi, Sukajaya District, Sabang City. The research was conducted over one month, from September 4 to October 5, 2023, through field experiments carried out across nine fishing trips. Each type of bait was used alternately in three trips. Fishing activities were conducted using the Samudra vessel equipped with a bottom longline measuring approximately 140–150 meters in length and 30–35 hooks, spaced 3–4 meters apart, operated at seabed depths averaging 20–30 meters for approximately 14 hours per trip. The data collected included fish species, number of individuals, and total catch weight for each bait type. The catch data were analyzed using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) to determine the effect of bait type on the catch results. The results showed that, visually, ribbonfish bait produced the highest total catch in both number and weight, followed by swordfish and mackerel tuna. The catch composition was dominated by red snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus), John's snapper (Lutjanus johnii), and red grouper (Epinephelus spp.). However, ANOVA analysis indicated that the differences in catch results among the bait types were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Therefore, all three bait types can be used flexibly depending on field conditions and local availability. Further studies are recommended with a greater number of trips and better environmental control to obtain more accurate results. Keywords: bottom longline, natural bait, Jaboi Sabang