Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Gulma babadotan (Ageratum conyzoides L.) merupakan salah satu gulma yang memiliki potensi sebagai bioherbisida karena mengandung senyawa alelopati. Jenis pelarut yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu pelarut etil asetat yang mampu menarik senyawa-senyawa dengan rentang polaritas lebar dari polar hingga non polar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi ekstrak etil asetat babadotan terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman jagung manis (Zea mays var.saccharata sturt L.) dan gulma bayam duri (Amaranthus spinosus L.). Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non faktorial dengan 5 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari kontrol negatif (aquades), kontrol positif (herbisida mesotrion 50 g/l + atrazin 500 g/l), ekstrak etil asetat babadotan konsentrasi 5%, 10% dan 15%. Penelitian ini dimulai dari bulan November 2024 sampai Februari 2025 yang dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ilmu Gulma Departemen Agroteknologi, Laboratorium Farmakologi Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Laboratorium Kimia Organik Departemen Kimia Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam dan Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaplikasian ekstrak etil asetat babadotan dengan beberapa konsentrasi pada tanaman jagung manis berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap jumlah daun pada 7 HSA (hari setelah aplikasi) dan kadar klorofil pada 3 HSA, berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman pada 7 HSA dan 14 HSA, diameter batang pada 14 HSA, 21 HSA dan 28 HSA, kadar klorofil pada 21 HSA serta berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap luas daun, panjang akar dan persentase keracunan tanaman jagung manis. Pengaplikasian ekstrak etil asetat babadotan dengan beberapa konsentrasi pada gulma bayam duri menunjukkan berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap kadar klorofil, bobot kering dan persentase keracunan gulma bayam duri, serta berpengaruh nyata terhadap bobot basah gulma bayam duri. Konsentrasi ekstrak etil asetat babadotan 5% memberikan efek terbaik dalam menekan pertumbuhan gulma bayam duri namun tidak menekan pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman jagung manis. Perlakuan tersebut pada 7 HSA mampu menghambat pertumbuhan gulma bayam duri sebesar 97,17% termasuk kategori efek berat dan tidak menghambat pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman jagung manis dengan persentase keracunan sebesar 0%. Hasil uji fitokimia ekstrak etil asetat babadotan positif mengandung senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid dan steroid. Hasil analisis Kromatografi Gas dan Spektrometri Massa ekstrak etil asetat babadotan ditemukan 6 senyawa mayor yaitu benzofuran, 2,3 dihydro-, caryophyllene, coumarin, 2H-1-benzopyran, 6,7-dimethoxy-2,2 dimethyl-, hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester dan phytol.

Babadotan weed (Ageratum conyzoides L.) is one of the weeds that has the potential as a bioherbicide because it contains allelopathy compounds. The type of solvent used in this study is ethyl acetate solvent which is able to attract compounds with a wide polarity range from polar to non-polar. This study aims to determine the effect of the application of ethyl acetate babadotan extract on the vegetative growth of sweet corn plants (Zea mays var. saccharata sturt L.) and spinach weeds (Amaranthus spinosus L.). This study used a non-factorial Complete Random Design with 5 treatments and 3 replications. Treatment consisted of negative control (aquades), positive control (herbicide mesotrion 50 g/l + atrazin 500 g/l), ethyl acetate extract with concentrations of 5%, 10% and 15%. This research started from November 2024 to February 2025 which was carried out at the Weed Science Laboratory of the Department of Agrotechnology, the Pharmacology Laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, the Organic Chemistry Laboratory of the Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences and the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh. The results showed that the application of ethyl acetate babadotan extract with several concentrations on sweet corn plants had a very noticeable effect on the number of leaves at 7 HSA (days after application) and chlorophyll content at 3 HSA, had a real effect on plant height at 7 HSA and 14 HSA, stem diameter at 14 HSA, 21 HSA and 28 HSA, chlorophyll content at 21 HSA and had an unreal effect on leaf area. root length and percentage of poisoning of sweet corn plants. The application of ethyl acetate babadotan extract with several concentrations on spiny spinach weed showed a very noticeable effect on chlorophylll levels, dry weight and percentage of spinach weed poisoning, as well as a real effect on the wet weight of spinach weeds. The concentration of 5% babadonan ethyl acetate extract provides the best effect in suppressing the growth of spinach weeds but does not suppress the vegetative growth of sweet corn plants. The treatment in 7 HSA was able to inhibit the growth of spinach weeds by 97.17% including the category of heavy effects and did not inhibit the vegetative growth of sweet corn plants with a poisoning percentage of 0%. The results of the phytochemical test of ethyl acetate extract were positive for the positive content of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids and steroids. The results of the analysis of Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry of ethyl acetate babadotan extract found 6 major compounds, namely benzofuran, 2,3 dihydro-, caryophyllene, coumarin, 2H-1-benzopyran, 6,7-dimethoxy-2,2 dimethyl-, hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester and phytol.