Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Babadotan (Ageratum conyzoides L.) merupakan tumbuhan yang dapat digunakan sebagai bioherbisida alami. Etil asetat merupakan pelarut yang bersifat semi polar sehingga dapat menarik senyawa yang bersifat polar maupun non polar, memiliki toksisitas rendah dan mudah diuapkan sehingga dapat digunakan untuk ekstraksi daun babadotan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi ekstrak etil asetat babadotan terhadap pertumbuhan bayam brazil (Alternanthera sissoo hort.) dan gulma bayam duri (Amaranthus spinosus L.). Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Ilmu Gulma Departemen Agroteknologi Fakultas Pertanian, Laboratorium Farmakologi Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Laboratorium Kimia Organik Departemen Kimia Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam dan Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh berlangsung sejak November 2024 hingga Februari 2025. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan pola non faktorial dengan 7 perlakuan yaitu, kontrol negatif (Aquades), kontrol positif (Herbisida 2,4-D pada 0,686 kg b.a L-1), ekstrak etil asetat babadotan konsentrasi 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, dan 10% dengan 3 ulangan sehingga terdapat 21 satuan percobaan. Setiap satuan percobaan terdiri dari 2 unit pot, sehingga didapatkan 42 unit percobaan untuk tanaman bayam brazil dengan gulma bayam duri. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi ekstrak etil asetat babadotan berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang, luas daun, kadar klorofil dan persentase toksisitas tanaman bayam brazil sedangkan pada gulma bayam duri berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap kadar klorofil gulma, bobot basah dan kering gulma bayam duri serta persentase pengendalian gulma bayam duri. Aplikasi ekstrak etil asetat babadotan dengan konsentrasi 8% mampu mematikan gulma bayam duri dengan persentase kerusakan 90,56% (efek berat) dan menghambat pertumbuhan bayam brazil 56,67% (efek sedang) di 7 HSA namun mengalami pemulihan sejak 14 HSA sampai panen. Hasil uji fitokimia ekstrak etil asetat babadotan positif mengandung senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid dan steroid. Hasil Kromatografi Gas dan Spektrometri Massa pada sampel ekstrak etil asetat babadotan ditemukan 6 senyawa mayor yaitu benzofuran, 2,3-dihydro-, caryophyllene, coumarin, 2H-1-benzopyran, 6,7-dimethoxy-2,2- dimethyl-, hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester dan phytol.

Babadotan (Ageratum conyzoides L.) is a plant that can be used as a natural bioherbicide. Ethyl acetate is a semi-polar solvent that can attract both polar and non-polar compounds, has low toxicity, and is easily vaporized, making it suitable for extracting babadotan leaves. This study aims to investigate the effect of babadotan ethyl acetate extract application on the growth of Brazilian spinach (Alternanthera sissoo hort.) and spiny amaranth (Amaranthus spinosus L.). This study was conducted at the Weed Science Laboratory, Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture; the Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; the Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences; and the Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, from November 2024 to February 2025. The study employed a completely randomized design with a non-factorial pattern, comprising 7 treatments: negative control (distilled water), positive control (2,4-D herbicide at 0.686 kg a.i. L-1), ethyl acetate extract of babadotan at concentrations of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% ethyl acetate extract of babadotan at concentrations of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%, with 3 replications, resulting in 21 experimental units. Each experimental unit consisted of 2 pots, yielding a total of 42 experimental units for Brazilian spinach plants with prickly spinach weeds. The results of the study indicated that the application of ethyl acetate extract of babadotan had a highly significant effect on plant height, number of branches, leaf area, chlorophyll content, and toxicity percentage of Brazilian spinach plants, while on prickly spinach weeds, it had a very significant effect on chlorophyll content, fresh and dry weight of prickly spinach weeds, and weed control percentage. The application of babadotan ethyl acetate extract at a concentration of 8% was able to kill prickly spinach weeds with a damage percentage of 90.56% (severe effect) and inhibit the growth of Brazilian spinach by 56.67% (moderate effect) at 7 HSA, but recovery occurred from 14 HSA until harvest. The phytochemical analysis of the ethyl acetate extract of babadotan showed positive results for the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and steroids. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis of the ethyl acetate extract of babadotan identified six major compounds: benzofuran, 2,3-dihydro-, caryophyllene, coumarin, 2H-1-benzopyran, 6,7-dimethoxy-2,2-dimethyl-, hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester, and phytol.