Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Peralihan hak atas tanah warisan di Indonesia sering menimbulkan sengketa,
terutama jika dilakukan secara sepihak tanpa persetujuan dari seluruh pihak yang
berhak. Meskipun hukum waris telah diatur melalui berbagai sistem seperti hukum
perdata, adat, dan Islam, serta didukung oleh ketentuan pertanahan seperti pada pasal
19 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria (UUPA) dan pada Pasal 42 ayat (1)
Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 Tahun 1997 tentang Pendaftaran Tanah, praktik di
lapangan masih sering menyimpang dari ketentuan hukum. Salah satunya adalah
pendaftaran tanah warisan secara sepihak tanpa akta pembagian hak dari PPAT, yang
kemudian diterbitkan menjadi sertifikat hak milik.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keabsahan sertifikat peralihan
hak atas tanah warisan yang didaftarkan secara sepihak, serta mengkaji bentuk
penyelesaian sengketa dan perlindungan hukum bagi pihak yang dirugikan.
Metode yang digunakan adalah metode yuridis normatif, dengan mengkaji
bahan hukum primer berupa peraturan perundang-undangan dan putusan pengadilan,
serta bahan hukum sekunder seperti literatur hukum, doktrin, teori hukum, dan asas
asas hukum yang relevan.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sengketa akibat peralihan hak atas tanah
warisan yang dilakukan secara sepihak dapat diselesaikan melalui jalur litigasi
maupun non-litigasi. Jalur litigasi ditempuh dengan mengajukan gugatan perdata ke
pengadilan, sebagaimana yang dilakukan dalam perkara Putusan Mahkamah
Syar’iyah Blangpidie Nomor 77/Pdt.G/2021/MS.Bpd, di mana penggugat berhasil
membuktikan adanya perbuatan melawan hukum. Selain itu, bentuk perlindungan
hukum terhadap penggugat meliputi pemulihan hak atas tanah warisan, penghapusan
atau pembatalan sertifikat di Kantor Pertanahan, serta pengakuan kembali hak waris
yang sah. Adapun jalur non-litigasi melalui mediasi keluarga atau di bawah fasilitasi
pengadilan juga diakui sebagai sarana penyelesaian yang mengedepankan
musyawarah, sepanjang seluruh pihak beritikad baik untuk mencari penyelesaian
damai.
Disarankan Perlu regulasi teknis yang tegas melarang pendaftaran tanah
warisan yang belum dibagi untuk menutup celah hukum. Optimalisasi penyelesaian
sengketa non-litigasi seperti mediasi keluarga penting agar musyawarah dan keadilan
terwujud. Perlu pedoman khusus di peradilan untuk mengedepankan keadilan dalam
perkara waris, bukan hanya formalitas.

The transfer of rights over inherited land in Indonesia often gives rise to disputes, especially when carried out unilaterally without the consent of all rightful heirs. Although inheritance law is governed by various legal systems such as civil law, customary law, and Islamic law and supported by land regulations, including Article 19 paragraph (1) of the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA) and Article 42 paragraph (1) of Government Regulation No. 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration, practical implementation in the field often deviates from legal provisions. One common issue is the unilateral registration of inherited land without a deed of inheritance distribution from a Land Deed Official (PPAT), which is then issued as a certificate of ownership. This study aims to analyze the validity of ownership certificates issued based on unilateral registration of inherited land, as well as to examine dispute resolution mechanisms and legal protection for disadvantaged parties. The method used is a normative juridical approach by reviewing primary legal materials such as laws and court decisions, as well as secondary legal materials including legal literature, doctrines, legal theories, and relevant legal principles. The findings indicate that disputes arising from the unilateral transfer of rights over inherited land can be resolved through both litigation and non-litigation means. Litigation is pursued by filing a civil lawsuit in court, as exemplified in the decision of the Blangpidie Sharia Court Number 77/Pdt.G/2021/MS.Bpd, in which the plaintiff successfully proved the existence of an unlawful act. Legal protection for the plaintiff includes the restoration of inheritance rights, the cancellation or revocation of the land certificate at the Land Office, and the reestablishment of rightful inheritance claims. Meanwhile, non-litigation avenues such as family mediation or court-facilitated mediation are also recognized as means of resolution that prioritize deliberation, provided all parties act in good faith to seek an amicable settlement. It is recommended that clear technical regulations be established to prohibit the registration of undivided inherited land in order to close legal loopholes. Optimizing non-litigation settlement methods such as family mediation is crucial to ensuring deliberation and justice. Special judicial guidelines are needed to prioritize substantive justice over mere formalities in inheritance cases.