Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Kota Sabang memiliki potensi besar dalam perikanan karang, salah satu komoditas bernilai ekonomi dan ekologi tinggi. Namun, pengelolaannya masih menghadapi tantangan seperti ketergantungan pada musim, praktik penangkapan ikan yang belum mempertimbangkan kematangan gonad, eksploitasi lokasi penangkapan secara berulang, serta penggunaan racun tradisional. Kondisi ini berisiko terhadap kelestarian sumber daya ikan dan ekosistem terumbu karang. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai pengelolaan perikanan karang berbasis ekosistem pada domain teknik penangkapan ikan dengan pendekatan Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM). Penelitian dilakukan pada 1–30 Juli 2024 di Tempat Pendaratan Ikan (TPI) Pasiran, Kecamatan Sukakarya, Kota Sabang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui metode primer (wawancara dan kuesioner) serta sekunder (laporan instansi dan studi terdahulu). Karena tidak tersedia data populasi nelayan ikan karang, digunakan metode snowball sampling. Ditemukan bahwa jumlah nelayan karang hanya 10 orang, sehingga diterapkan metode sensus. Penilaian mencakup enam kriteria: (1) penggunaan alat tangkap destruktif atau ilegal, (2) modifikasi alat dan alat bantu tangkap, (3) kapasitas dan upaya penangkapan, (4) selektivitas alat tangkap, (5) kesesuaian fungsi dan ukuran kapal dengan dokumen legal, serta (6) sertifikasi awak kapal. Setiap indikator dinilai menggunakan skala Likert ordinal, lalu dihitung indeks dan skor komposit secara deskriptif. Hasil menunjukkan pengelolaan perikanan karang di TPI Pasiran berada pada kategori “baik” dengan skor komposit 78. Namun, indikator sertifikasi awak kapal serta kapasitas penangkapan masih perlu ditingkatkan untuk mendorong keberlanjutan pengelolaan perikanan.

Sabang City has great potential in coral reef fisheries, which are among the key commodities with high economic and ecological value. However, its management still faces several challenges, such as seasonal dependence, fishing practices that ignore fish gonad maturity, repeated exploitation of the same fishing grounds, and the use of traditional poisons. These conditions pose risks to the sustainability of fish resources and coral reef ecosystems. This study aims to assess ecosystem-based management of coral reef fisheries, focusing on the fishing gear domain using the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM). The research was conducted from July 1 to 30, 2024, at the Fish Landing Site (TPI) Pasiran, Sukakarya Subdistrict, Sabang City. Data were collected through primary methods (interviews and questionnaires) and secondary sources (institutional reports and previous studies). Due to the lack of population data on coral reef fishers, a snowball sampling technique was applied. The findings revealed a small number of reef fishers (10), thus a census method was used. The assessment covered six criteria: (1) use of destructive or illegal fishing gear, (2) gear and gear aid modifications, (3) fishing capacity and effort, (4) gear selectivity, (5) conformity of vessel size and function with legal documents, and (6) crew certification. Each indicator was scored using an ordinal Likert scale and analyzed through index and composite score calculations. The results showed that coral reef fisheries management at TPI Pasiran falls under the "good" category with a composite score of 78. However, aspects such as crew certification and fishing capacity still need improvement to enhance fisheries sustainability.