Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Penempatan dan perlindungan pekerja migran domestik Indonesia di Malaysia merupakan bagian penting dari kerja sama bilateral kedua negara. MoU Indonesia-Malaysia tahun 2022 disusun untuk memperkuat perlindungan hukum dan tata kelola penempatan pekerja migran di sektor domestik. Namun, dalam praktiknya, pekerja migran domestik masih menghadapi berbagai tantangan terkait perlindungan hak dan kondisi kerja. Selain itu, peran pemerintah daerah dalam proses penempatan pekerja migran masih perlu dikaji lebih lanjut untuk memahami kontribusi dan kendala yang dihadapi

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perlindungan terhadap pekerja rumah tangga migran Indonesia dalam MoU Indonesia-Malaysia Tahun 2022, serta untuk menganalisis peran pemerintah daerah di dalam proses pengiriman pekerja rumah tangga migran atau domestik menurut MoU Indonesia-Malaysia Tahun 2022.

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan fokus pada MoU Indonesia-Malaysia Tahun 2022 tentang Penempatan dan Perlindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia di Sektor Domestik sebagai bahan hukum utama, serta UU Nomor 18 Tahun 2017 sebagai dasar hukum nasional. Selain itu bahan hukum sekunder seperti literatur, jurnal, dan instrumen hukum internasional, serta bahan tersier seperti Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia dan Black’s Law Dictionary.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa MoU tersebut telah memuat ketentuan perlindungan yang lebih rinci, seperti sistem penempatan satu kanal, pelarangan penahanan dokumen pekerja, serta hak atas tempat tinggal dan jaminan kerja layak. Meskipun peran pemerintah daerah tidak disebut secara eksplisit dalam MoU, namun berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2017 dan PP Nomor 59 Tahun 2021, pemerintah daerah tetap memiliki peran penting dalam tahap pra-keberangkatan dan pasca-penempatan.

MoU Indonesia-Malaysia 2022 bertujuan melindungi pekerja rumah tangga migran Indonesia di Malaysia dengan mengatur mekanisme perekrutan, hak dasar pekerja, dan pengawasan pelaksanaan kontrak. Namun, efektivitasnya masih terkendala oleh praktik perekrutan ilegal dan kurangnya sosialisasi hak pekerja. Meski peran pemerintah daerah tidak dijelaskan secara eksplisit dalam MoU, pemerintah daerah tetap berperan penting dalam pendataan, pelatihan, dan pengawasan agen perekrutan sesuai regulasi nasional.

The placement and protection of Indonesian domestic migrant workers in Malaysia is an important aspect of the bilateral cooperation between the two countries. The 2022 Indonesia–Malaysia Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was established to strengthen legal protection and the governance of the placement of migrant workers in the domestic sector. However, in practice, domestic migrant workers still face various challenges concerning the protection of their rights and working conditions. In addition, the role of local governments in the placement process of migrant workers still needs further examination to understand their contributions and the obstacles they face. This research aims to analyze the protection of Indonesian migrant domestic workers under the 2022 Indonesia–Malaysia MoU and to examine the role of local governments in the placement process of migrant domestic workers in accordance with the provisions of the 2022 MoU. This research uses a normative juridical method, focusing on the 2022 Indonesia–Malaysia MoU on the Placement and Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers in the Domestic Sector as the primary legal material, along with Law Number 18 of 2017 as the national legal basis. Secondary legal materials include literature, journals, and international legal instruments, while tertiary legal materials include sources such as the Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language (KBBI) and Black’s Law Dictionary. The research findings indicate that the MoU contains more detailed protective provisions, such as the implementation of a single-channel placement system, prohibition of withholding workers’ documents, as well as the right to accommodation and decent work assurance. Although the role of local governments is not explicitly stated in the MoU, based on Law Number 18 of 2017 and Government Regulation Number 59 of 2021, local governments still hold significant responsibilities in the pre-departure and post-placement phases. The 2022 Indonesia–Malaysia MoU aims to protect Indonesian migrant domestic workers in Malaysia by regulating recruitment mechanisms, fundamental worker rights, and monitoring of contract implementation. However, its effectiveness is still hindered by illegal recruitment practices and the lack of awareness regarding workers’ rights. Even though the MoU does not explicitly define the role of local governments, they continue to play a crucial part in data collection, training, and supervision of recruitment agencies in accordance with national regulations.