Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Nanopartikel oksida anorganik dari cangkang landak laut (Diadema setosum) melalui metode presipitasi telah berhasil disintesis. Nanopartikel dikarakterisasi menggunakan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourrier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), Scanning Electron Miscroscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), dan uji aktivitas katalitiknya pada reaksi transesterifikasi minyak kelapa sawit jenis Refined Bleached and Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO). Hasil karakterisasi dengan XRD dan FTIR terhadap partikel hasil presipitasi sebelum kalsinasi dan setelah kalsinasi menunjukkan, magnesium hidroksida (Mg(OH)2) dan magnesium oksida (MgO) sebagai komponen utama. Perhitungan ukuran rata-rata kristal partikel anorganik presipitasi tanpa kalsinasi dan partikel oksida anorganik presipitasi hasil kalsinasi berturut-turut sebesar 69,52 nm dan 40,39 nm. Hasil analisa menggunakan SEM-EDX menunjukkan bahwa partikel oksida anorganik presipitasi yang dikalsinasi pada suhu 600oC menghasilkan distribusi dan morfologi partikel yang lebih homogen dengan unsur penyusun dominan yaitu magnesium (Mg) dan oksigen (O). Uji aktivitas katalitik partikel pada transesterifikasi menunjukkan bahwa partikel oksida anorganik yang melalui proses kalsinasi memiliki aktivitas katalitik yang lebih baik dengan perolehan yield biodiesel sebesar 98,72% dibandingkan aktivitas katalitik partikel anorganik tanpa kalsinasi dengan perolehan yield biodiesel sebesar 95,04%. Hasil uji GC-MS mengidentifikasi beberapa jenis metil ester dalam biodiesel hasil transesterifikasi, seperti metil oleat dan metil palmitat. Biodiesel yang dihasilkan memiliki bilangan asam dan viskositas yang sudah sesuai dengan ketetapan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 04-7182-2015, sedangkan massa jenis dari biodiesel belum memenuhi ketetapan SNI. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah metode presipitasi telah berhasil mensintesis partikel oksida anorganik dari cangkang landak laut (Diadema setosum) dalam ukuran nanopartikel serta memiliki aktivitas katalitik yang baik.

Inorganic oxide nanoparticles had been successfully synthesized from sea urchin shell (Diadema setosum) through a precipitation method. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), and a catalytic activity test in the transesterification reaction of Refined Bleached and Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO). Characterization results by XRD and FTIR of precipitated particles before calcination and after calcination showed magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂) and magnesium oxide (MgO) as the main components. The Debye-Scherrer equation has been applied to determine the average crystal size of precipitated inorganic particles, for the uncalcined inorganic particles and calcined inorganic oxide particles, the size is 69.52 nm and 40.39 nm, respectively. The analysis results using SEM-EDX showed the calcined inorganic oxide particles (600°C) produced a more homogeneous particle distribution and morphology with the dominant constituent elements being magnesium (Mg) and oxygen (O). The catalytic activity of the inorganic particle had been tested in a transesterification reaction, which was that the calcination process had better catalytic activity with a biodiesel yield of 98.72% compared to the catalytic activity of inorganic particles without calcination with a biodiesel yield of 95.04%. Methyl esters in the transesterified biodiesel had been GC-MS results, which showed the identification of methyl oleate and methyl palmitate as the main products. The biodiesel produced has an acid number and viscosity of produced biodiesel in accordance with the provisions of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 04-7182-2015, in which the biodiesel density does not meet the provisions of SNI. This research proved that the precipitation method had been successfully used to synthesize the inorganic oxide particles from sea urchin shells (Diadema setosum) late to nanoparticle size with good catalytic activity.