Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Nanopartikel katalis oksida anorganik yang dipreparasi dari tulang sapi Aceh telah berhasil disintesis dengan metode presipitasi dengan parameter pH yaitu variasi pH 8 dan 10 dimana digunakan larutan NH4OH sebagai agen presipitat sekaligus pengontrol pH. Nanokatalis dikarakterisasi dengan menggunakan XRD, FTIR dan SEM-EDX. Analisis aktivitas katalitiknya diaplikasikan pada reaksi transesterifikasi minyak kelapa sawit jenis Refined Bleached and Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO). Hasil karakterisasi XRD dan FTIR membuktikan keberadaan senyawa hidroksiapatit (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2), kalsium oksida (CaO), dan kalsium karbonat (CaCO3) sebagai komponen utama pada kedua katalis hasil presipitasi baik pH 8 maupun pH 10. Mikrograf SEM memperlihatkan bentuk partikel speris dengan ukuran rata-rata partikel sebesar 94,46 nm untuk material katalis hasil presipitasi pH 8 dan 81,36 nm untuk material katalis hasil presipitasi pH 10. Analisis EDX menunjukkan unsur dominan pada kedua katalis tersebut yaitu kalsium (Ca) dengan kandungan berturut-turut sebesar 55,44% dan 57,19. Hasil perhitungan ukuran kristal rata-rata dengan persamaan Debye-Scherrer untuk kedua katalis tersebut berturut-turut adalah senilai 31,63 nm dan 31,31 nm. Hasil pengujian aktivitas katalitik kedua partikel nanokatalis mengindikasikan bahwa katalis oksida anorganik pH 10 memiliki aktivitas katalitik yang lebih tinggi pada reaksi transesterifikasi RBDPO dengan total yield biodiesel sebesar 98,11% sementara katalis oksida anorganik hasil presipitasi pH 8 menghasilkan biodiesel dengan yield sebesar 92,66%. Analisis GC-MS mendeteksi kadar metil ester yang terbesar pada biodiesel yang diperoleh dari aktivitas katalis hasil presipitasi pH 10 (84,1%) dengan persentase metil laurat yang paling dominan (35,76%) sementara biodiesel yang diperoleh dari aktivitas katalis hasil presipitasi pH 8 (83,8%) dengan perolehan persentase tertinggi berupa metil oleat. Uji kualitas kedua jenis biodiesel menunjukkan bahwa bilangan asam, massa jenis dan viskositas yang bersesuaian dengan SNI 04-7182-2015.

Kata kunci: nanokatalis, oksida anorganik, tulang sapi, biodiesel

Inorganic oxide catalyst nanoparticles prepared from Acehnese bovine bones have been successfully synthesized by the precipitation method with pH parameters, namely pH variations of 8 and 10 where NH4OH solution was used as a precipitation agent as well as a pH controller. Nanocatalysts were characterized using XRD, FTIR and SEM-EDX. The catalytic activity analysis was applied to the transesterification reaction of Refined Bleached and Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO). The results of XRD and FTIR characterization proved the presence of hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2), calcium oxide (CaO), and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) as the main components in both pH 8 and pH 10 precipitation catalysts. SEM micrograph showed the shape of spherical particles with an average particle size of 94.46 nm for catalyst materials resulting from pH 8 precipitation and 81.36 nm for catalyst materials resulting from pH 10 precipitation. EDX analysis showed that the dominant element in the two catalysts was calcium (Ca) with a content of 55.44% and 57.19 respectively. The results of the calculation of the average crystal size with the Debye-Scherrer equation for the two catalysts were 31.63 nm and 31.31 nm, respectively. The results of the catalytic activity test of the two nanocatalysts particles indicated that the pH 10 inorganic oxide catalyst had higher catalytic activity in the RBDPO transesterification reaction with a total yield of 98.11% biodiesel while the inorganic oxide catalyst resulting from pH 8 precipitation produced biodiesel with a yield of 92.66%. GC-MS analysis detected the largest methyl ester content in biodiesel obtained from catalyst activity resulting from pH 10 precipitation (84.1%) with the most dominant percentage of methyl laurate (35.76%) while biodiesel obtained from catalyst activity resulting from pH 8 precipitation (83.8%) with the highest percentage obtained in the form of methyl oleate. The quality test of the two types of biodiesel showed that the number of acids, density, and viscosity were in accordance with SNI 04-7182-2015. Keywords: nanocatalyst, inorganic oxides, cow bones, biodiesel