Electronic Theses and Dissertation

ABSTRAK

Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan energi listrik di Aceh, pemerintah merencanakan pembangunan PLTA Tampur-I di Desa Lesten, Kabupaten Gayo Lues. Gubernur Aceh menerbitkan Izin Pinjam Pakai Kawasan Hutan (IPPKH) melalui Keputusan Nomor 522.51/DPMPTSP/1499/IPPKH/2017 yang memungkinkan PT. Kamirzu menggunakan 4.407 hektar awasan hutan, termasuk dalam Kawasan Ekosistem Leuser. Tindakan ini mendorong WALHI Aceh, awasan HakA dan awasan pengacara, menggugat keputusan tersebut ke Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara Banda Aceh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi awasa yang memengaruhi kemenangan gugatan terhadap pembangunan PLTA Tampur-I serta mengeksplorasi proses dan kepentingan politik di balik proyek tersebut. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan awasa pengumpulan data primer berupa wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi dan data sekunder melalui dokumentasi/kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gugatan WALHI didasarkan pada sebelas awasan hukum utama, termasuk pelampauan kewenangan oleh gubernur, cacat yuridis, ketidaksahihan awasan rative, dan pelanggaran kewajiban hukum oleh PT. Kamirzu. Selain itu, pembangunan PLTA Tampur-I berpotensi menyebabkan kerusakan lingkungan serius, terutama karena proyek ini berada di awasan rawan gempa dan hutan yang dilindungi. WALHI juga mengungkap bahwa kebutuhan energi listrik Aceh sebenarnya dapat dipenuhi oleh pembangkit yang ada, sehingga pembangunan PLTA lebih berorientasi pada kepentingan ekonomi dan politik dibandingkan kebutuhan nyata. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa keputusan pembangunan PLTA Tampur-I mengabaikan prinsip kepastian hukum, asas kehati-hatian lingkungan, dan perlindungan hutan konservasi. Kepentingan ekonomi mendominasi proses pengambilan keputusan, meskipun berisiko besar terhadap kelestarian lingkungan dan keberlanjutan awasan hutan Aceh.
Kata kunci: PLTA Tampur-I, WALHI, IPPKH, gugatan hukum, kepentingan politik.

ABSTRACT To meet the electricity energy needs in Aceh, the government plans to construct the Tampur-I Hydroelectric Power Plant in Lesten Village, Gayo Lues Regency. The Governor of Aceh issued a Forest Area Borrow-Use Permit (IPPKH) through Decision Number 522.51/DPMPTSP/1499/IPPKH/2017, allowing PT. Kamirzu to use 4,407 hectares of forest area, including within the Leuser Ecosystem Area. This action prompted WALHI Aceh, along with HAkA and nine lawyers, to challenge the decision in the Banda Aceh Administrative Court. This research aims to identify the factors influencing the victory of the lawsuit against the construction of the Tampur-I hydroelectric power plant and to explore the processes and political interests behind the project. The research uses a qualitative approach with primary data collection techniques such as interviews, observations, documentation, and secondary data through documentation/literature review. The research results indicate that WALHI's lawsuit is based on eleven main legal reasons, including the governor's exceeding of authority, legal defects, administrative invalidity, and PT. Kamirzu's violation of legal obligations. Additionally, the construction of the Tampur-I hydroelectric power plant has the potential to cause serious environmental damage, especially since the project is located in an earthquake-prone area and a protected forest. WALHI also revealed that Aceh's electricity needs can actually be met by existing power plants, so the construction of the hydroelectric power plant is more oriented towards economic and political interests rather than actual needs. This research emphasizes that the decision to build the Tampur-I hydropower plant disregards the principles of legal certainty, the precautionary principle for the environment, and the protection of conservation forests. Economic interests dominate the decision-making process, despite posing a significant risk to environmental sustainability and the preservation of Aceh's forest areas. Keywords: Tampur-I Hydroelectric Power Plant, WALHI, IPPKH, legal action, political interests.