Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Kopi arabika (Coffea arabica L.) termasuk dalam Ordo: Gentianales; Famili: Rubiaceae; Genus: Coffea. Ada tiga jenis kopi yang sering diproduksi di Indonesia yaitu, robusta, arabika sekitar, liberika. Salah satu faktor penurunan produktivitas kopi adalah serangan jamur akar putih pada tanaman kopi arabika yang mengakibatkan penurunan kualitas dan kuantitas hasil. Salah satu pengendalian alternatif adalah dengan memanfaatkan cendawan endofit sebagai agens pengendali hayati.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi cendawan endofit pada akar kopi dan menguji potensi cendawan endofit tersebut terhadap penyakit akar putih asal tanaman kopi in vitro. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ilmu Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala, sejak bulan Januari sampai Juli 2024. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non faktorial, dengan 7 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Data hasil pengamatan persentase daya hambat cendawan endofit dianalisis dengan ragam (ANOVA). Parameter yang diamati meliputi karakteristik cendawan secara makrokopis dan mikrokopis, dan persentase daya hambat. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 3 tahapan, tahap pertama isolasi cendawan endofit dan patogen. Tahap kedua karakterisasi cendawan endofit dan cendawan patogen. Tahap ketiga uji dual culture in vitro antara isolat cendawan endofit dengan isolat patogen
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 11 isolat endofit yang berhasil diisolasi yaitu EK1, EK2, EK3, EK4, EK5, EK6, EK7, EK8, EK9, EK10, dan EK11. Hasil dari seleksi endofit dengan uji patogenisitas dijumpai 7 isolat cendawan endofit non patogen yaitu EK1, EK2, EK3, EK4, EK7, EK8, EK9, dan EK10. Hasil karakterisasi dan identifikasi cendawan endofit berdasarkan buku Barnet and Hunter diperoleh 7 spesies yang berbeda yaitu Trichoderma sp. (EK2), Aspergillus sp (EK1), Trichoderma sp. (EK3), Lasiodiplodia sp. (EK7), Trichoderma sp. (EK9), Penicillium sp. (EK4), Aspergillus sp. (EK10). Daya hambat cendawan endofit tertinggi adalah Aspergillus sp. (EK10) sebesar 82,88 % dan daya hambat cendawan endofit terendah adalah Aspergillus sp. (EK1) sebesar 38,45%. Dari 7 cendawan endofit tersebut terdapat 3 isolat yang memiliki daya hambat yang tinggi dengan daya hambat diatas 50% yaitu Penicillium sp. (EK4) sebesar 65,55%, Lasiodiplodia sp. (EK7) sebesar 65,55%, dan Aspergillus sp. (EK10) sebesar 82,88 %.

Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) belongs to the Order: Gentianales; Family: Rubiaceae; Genus: Coffea. There are three types of coffee that are often produced in Indonesia, namely, robusta, surrounding arabica, liberica. One of the factors that reduce coffee productivity is the attack of white root fungus on Arabica coffee plants which results in a decrease in the quality and quantity of yields. One alternative control is to use endophytic mushrooms as biological control agents. This study aims to isolate endophytic fungi on coffee roots and test the potential of endophytic fungi against white root diseases originating from in vitro coffee plants. This research was carried out at the Plant Disease Science Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, from January to July 2024. This study used a non-factorial Complete Random Design (RAL), with 7 treatments and 3 replicates. The data from the observation of the percentage of endophytic fungus resistance was analyzed with variety (ANOVA). The observed parameters included macrocopically and microcically characteristic of the fungus, and the percentage of resistance. This study consists of 3 stages, the first stage of isolation of endophytic and pathogenic fungi. The second stage is the characterization of endophytic fungi and pathogenic fungi. The third stage of the in vitro dual culture test between endophytic mushroom isolate and pathogen isolate The results of the study showed that there were 11 endophytic isolates that were successfully isolated, namely EK1, EK2, EK3, EK4, EK5, EK6, EK7, EK8, EK9, EK10, and EK11. The results of endophytic selection with pathogenicity tests found 7 isolates of non-pathogenic endophytic fungi, namely EK1, EK2, EK3, EK4, EK7, EK8, EK9, and EK10. The results of the characterization and identification of endophytic mushrooms based on the book Barnet and Hunter obtained 7 different species, namely Trichoderma sp. (EK2), Aspergillus sp (EK1), Trichoderma sp. (EK3), Lasiodiplodia sp. (EK7), Trichoderma sp. (EK9), Penicillium sp. (EK4), Aspergillus sp. (EK10). The highest endophytic mushroom resistance is Aspergillus sp. (EK10) by 82.88% and the lowest endophytic mushroom resistance is Aspergillus sp. (EK1) by 38.45%. Of the 7 endophytic fungi, there are 3 isolates that have high inhibition with an inhibition of more than 50%, namely Penicillium sp. (EK4) by 65.55%, Lasiodiplodia sp. (EK7) by 65.55%, and Aspergillus sp. (EK10) by 82.88%.