Electronic Theses and Dissertation

RINGKASAN
Upaya menjaga kesehatan ayam broiler, umumnya, dilakukan dengan cara meningkatkan kekebalan ternak yang dapat dilakukan dengan cara memberikan suplemen dan obat-obatan kepada ayam. Akan tetapi, pemberian suplemen seperti antristress ataupun obat-obatan seperti antibiotik komersil dapat meningkatkan resiko residu zat-zat tersebut di dalam tubuh ayam sehingga bakteri menjadi resisten dan daging yang dihasilkan tidak baik untuk dikonsumsi. Pemberian obat-obatan dan bahan-bahan aditif komersial secara berlebihan juga berdampak terhadap kenaikan biaya produksi. Dua hal ini, keamanan dan biaya, menjadi dasar pertimbangan untuk menggunakan aditif dalam pakan ataupun air minum ayam broiler. Oleh karena itu, perlu dicari suplemen alami yang diharapkan dapat memenuhi kedua hal tersebut tanpa menekan pertumbuhan ayam broiler, antara lain adalah daun kelor (Moringa oleifera). Tujuan penelitan ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak daun kelor sebagai suplementasi alami melalui air minum pada pemeliharaan ayam broiler dengan pemberian ransum komersil yang 20% disubstitusi dengan campuran bahan pakan berupa menir, jagung, dedak padi, dan tepung ikan terhadap efisiensi ekonomi produksi ayam broiler.
Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Lapangan Peternakan (LLP), Depertemen Perternakan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala tanggal 29 Maret ‒ 2 Mei 2024. Penelitian ini menggunakan 100 ekor day old chick (DOC) ayam broiler strain MB 90, unsex, produksi PT Japfa Comfeed Indonesia. Ransum perlakuan yaitu P0+= Pemberian air minum ditambah vita stress (VS) atau tanpa EDK dengan pemberian pakan 100% ransum komersil (RK), P0-= Pemberian air minum ditambah VS atau tanpa EDK namun pemberian pakan 80% RK disubstitusi dengan 20% bahan pakan substitusi (BPS), P1= air minum dengan pemberian EDK 0,5 g/L air; pakan 80% RK + 20% BPS, P2= air minum dengan pemberian EDK 1 g/L air; pakan 80% RK + 20% BPS, P3= air minum dengan pemberian EDK 2 g/L air; pakan 80% RK + 20% BPS. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan, 4 ulangan dimana setiap ulangan berupa unit-unit percobaaan yang terdiri dari 5 ekor anak ayam per unitnya. Parameter yang diamati adalah berat badan akhir, konsumsi ransum, penerimaan, biaya, Income over feed cost (IOFC), Income over feed and suplement cost (IOFSC), dan total income. Data produksi (berat badan akhir dan konsumsi ransum) dianalisis dengan Analisis of Varian (ANOVA), sedangkan data ekonomi dianalisis dengan cara melihat kelayakan pemeliharaannya yang dihitung pada nilai B/C ratio dan R/C ratio.
Hasil sidik ragam berat badan akhir dan total konsumsi ransum ayam broiler tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05). Besarnya penerimaan dari semua perlakuan tidak jauh berbeda kecuali pada P0- yang menunjukan sedikit lebih rendah daripada perlakuan lainnya. Total biaya terbesar terdapat pada P3, yaitu ransum substitusi dengan penggunaan EDK 2 g/L air minum, sedangkan terendah terdapat pada P0-, yaitu ransum substitusi dengan penggunaan vita stress 0,5 g/L air minum. Semua perlakuan ransum substitusi (P0-, P1, P2, P3) menghasilkan penurunan biaya ransum dibandingkan dengan penggunaan 100% ransum komersil (P0+) dikarenakan harga ransum substitusi per kg lebih murah daripada harga ransum komersil. Penurunan biaya ransum pada perlakuan ransum substitusi tidak menyebabkan penurunan jumlah biaya variabel pada P2 dan P3. Secara umum, penggunaan EDK melalui air minum menyebabkan naiknya total biaya, semakin banyak EDK digunakan semakin besarlah biayanya. Perlakuan ransum substitusi (P0-, P1, P2, P3) menghasilkan IOFC lebih besar daripada perlakuan ransum P0+, namun IOFSC paling tinggi terdapat pada P0- sedangkan terendah pada P3. Penggunaan EDK 1 g atau lebih menghasilkan keuntungan yang lebih rendah daripada penggunaan vita stress. Total income paling tinggi dicapai pada P0- yaitu perlakuan ransum substitusi dengan penggunaan suplemen vita stress, sedangkan paling rendah terdapat pada P3.
Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemeliharaan ayam broiler yang diproduksi dengan perlakuan pemberian ekstrak daun kelor dalam air minum dan pemberian ransum berupa ransum komersil yang 20% disubstitusi dengan bahan pakan campuran yang terdiri dari tepung ikan, dedak padi, jagung, dan menir tidak berpengaruh pada penerimaan tetapi menaikkan total biaya dan menurunkan keuntungan. Ekstrak daun kelor hanya layak digunakan sebanyak 0,5 g/L air minum, sedangkan penggunaan 1 g/L atau lebih tidak layak karena menyebabkan kerugian.

ABSTRACT Efforts to maintain the health of broiler chickens are generally carried out by increasing livestock immunity which can be done by providing supplements and medicines to chickens. However, providing supplements such as antistress or medicines such as commercial antibiotics can increase the risk of residues of these substances in the chicken's body so that bacteria become resistant and the meat produced is not good for consumption. Excessive administration of medicines and commercial additives also has an impact on increasing production costs. These two things, safety and cost, are the basis for consideration for using additives in feed or drinking water for broiler chickens. Therefore, it is necessary to find natural supplements that are expected to meet both of these things without suppressing the growth of broiler chickens, including moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of providing moringa leaf extract as a natural supplement through drinking water in broiler chicken maintenance by providing commercial rations that are 20% substituted with a mixture of feed ingredients in the form of grits, corn, rice bran, and fish meal on the economic efficiency of broiler chicken production. This research was conducted at the Animal Husbandry Field Laboratory (LLP), Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University on March 29 - May 2, 2024. This study used 100 day old chicks (DOC) of MB 90 strain broiler chickens, unsex, produced by PT Japfa Comfeed Indonesia. The treatment rations were P0+= Provision of drinking water plus vita stress (VS) or without EDK with 100% commercial ration (RK) feed, P0-= Provision of drinking water plus VS or without EDK but 80% RK feed substituted with 20% substitute feed ingredients (BPS), P1= drinking water with EDK 0.5 g/L water; feed 80% RK + 20% BPS, P2= drinking water with EDK 1 g/L water; feed 80% RK + 20% BPS, P3= drinking water with EDK 2 g/L water; feed 80% RK + 20% BPS. The design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments, 4 replications where each replication was in the form of experimental units consisting of 5 chicks per unit. The parameters observed were final body weight, ration consumption, income, costs, Income over feed cost (IOFC), Income over feed and supplement cost (IOFSC), and total income. Production data (final body weight and ration consumption) were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), while economic data were analyzed by looking at the feasibility of maintenance which was calculated using the B/C ratio and R/C ratio values. The results of the analysis of variance for final body weight and total ration consumption of broiler chickens were not significantly different (P>0.05). The amount of income from all treatments was not much different except for P0- which showed slightly lower than other treatments. The largest total cost was found in P3, which is a substitution ration with the use of EDK 2 g/L of drinking water, while the lowest was found in P0-, which is a substitution ration with the use of vita stress 0.5 g/L of drinking water. All substitution ration treatments (P0-, P1, P2, P3) resulted in a decrease in ration costs compared to the use of 100% commercial rations (P0+) because the price of the substitution ration per kg is cheaper than the price of the commercial ration. The decrease in ration costs in the substitution ration treatment did not cause a decrease in the amount of variable costs in P2 and P3. In general, the use of EDK through drinking water causes an increase in total costs, the more EDK is used the greater the cost. The substitution ration treatments (P0-, P1, P2, P3) resulted in a greater IOFC than the P0+ ration treatment, but the highest IOFSC was in P0- while the lowest was in P3. The use of EDK 1 g or more resulted in lower profits than the use of vita stress. The highest total income was achieved at P0-, namely the treatment of substitution rations with the use of vita stress supplements, while the lowest was at P3. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the maintenance of broiler chickens produced with the treatment of providing moringa leaf extract in drinking water and providing rations in the form of commercial rations that are 20% substituted with mixed feed ingredients consisting of fish meal, rice bran, corn, and grits does not affect revenue but increases total costs and decreases profits. Moringa leaf extract is only suitable for use as much as 0.5 g/L of drinking water, while the use of 1 g/L or more is not feasible because it causes losses.