Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Ficus spp. merupakan kelompok tumbuhan dari Famili Moraceae yang banyak ditemukan di wilayah Indonesia, baik di dataran tinggi maupun dataran rendah. Genus Ficus, yang dikenal dengan nama pohon ara, mempunyai bunga unik dalam sistem tertutup yang disebut dengan sikonium sekaligus sebagai buah. Proses penyerbukan di dalam sikonium sangat bergantung pada tawon ara polinator, sebaliknya tawon ara polinator juga bergantung pada pohon ara untuk berkembangbiak. Selain itu, terdapat spesies tawon ara non-polinator yang juga berkembang di dalam sikonium yang sama. Tawon ara non- polinator meletakkan telur dengan menusukkan ovipositornya melalui dinding sikonium ke dalam gall yang sudah berisi telur oleh tawon ara polinator. Tawon ara non-polinator memiliki ciri khas ovipositor yang lebih panjang daripada panjang tubuhnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan ukuran tubuh dan ovipositor tawon ara polinator, dengan masing-masing spesies non-polinator yang berkembang pada buah ara Ficus hispida.
Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengambil sampel sikonium F. hispida di Desa Mon Ikeun Kecamatan Lhoknga, Kabupaten Aceh Besar dan Pengukuran tubuh serangga dan panjang ovipositor tawon ara polinator dan non-polinator dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Pengendalian Hayati, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala. Penelitian ini menggunakan 10 sampel pohon F. hispida jantan. Pengambilan sampel sikonium dilakukan dengan cara memetik buah secara langsung menggunakan tangan atau menggunakan galah. Sampel yang didapat dibawa ke laboratorium untuk dilakukan pemisahan antara tawon ara polinator dan non-polinator untuk diidentifikasi, kemudian diukur panjang tubuh dari kepala hingga ujung abdomen dan juga panjang ovipositor setiap sampel tawon ara yang telah didapat.
Hasil identifikasi secara morfologi diketahui bahwa tawon ara polinator pada F. hispida adalah spesies Ceratosolen solmsi marchali, sedangkan tawon ara non-polinator adalah Apocrypta bakeri, Philotrypesis pilosa, dan Philotrypesis sp. Komposisi seluruh tawon ara pada F. hispida didominasi oleh tawon ara polinator sebanyak 70, 82%. Tawon ara non-polinator spesies Philotrypesis pilosa dijumpai sejumlah 13,47%. Philotrypesis sp. sebesar 11,47% dan Apocrypta bakeri sebesar 4,24%. Ukuran tubuh tawon ara polinator berbeda sangat nyata dengan ukuran tawon ara non-polinator. Rata-rata ukuran tubuh tawon ara polinator 1,92 ± 0,01 mm sedangkan non-polinator berkisar 2,07mm ± 0,01mm sampai 2,09mm ± 0,01 mm. Panjang ovipositor tawon ara non-polinator berbeda sangat nyata dengan panjang ovipositor tawon ara polinator. Rata-rata panjang ovipositor tawon ara non-polinator A. bakeri 5,77mm ± 0,03 mm, P. pilosa 7, 64mm ± 0,07 mm dan Philotrypesis sp. 7, 48mm ± 0,08 mm, sedangkan panjang ovipositor tawon ara polinator hanya 0,84mm ± 0,00mm. Ukuran ovipositor tawon ara non-polinator lebih panjang hingga tiga kali lipat daripada ukuran tubuhnya. Perbedaan panjang ovipositor masing-masing spesies tawon ara berhubungan dengan cara meletakkan telur yang berbeda. Tawon ara polinator meletakkan telur dengan memasuki sikonium fase B melalui ostiole dan meletakkan telurnya langsung ke dalam gall. Sedangkan tawon ara non-polinator meletakkan telurnya melalui dinding buah, dengan menusukkan ovipositornya hingga menembus ke dalam gall yang sebelumnya sudah berisi telur dari tawon ara polinator.

Ficus spp. is a group of plants from the Moraceae family that is widely found in Indonesia, both in the highlands and lowlands. The genus Ficus, known as the fig tree, has unique flowers in a closed system called the syconium as well as fruit. The pollination process inside the syconium is highly dependent on the pollinator fig wasp, while the pollinator fig wasp is also dependent on the fig tree for reproduction. In addition, there are non-pollinator fig wasp species that also thrive in the same syconium. Non-pollinator fig wasps lay eggs by thrusting their ovipositor through the syconium wall into the gall already filled with eggs by pollinator fig wasps. Non-pollinator fig wasps are characterized by an ovipositor that is longer than their body length. The aim of this study was to compare the body size and ovipositor of pollinator fig wasps, with each non-pollinator species developing on Ficus hispida figs. The study was conducted by taking samples of F. hispida syconium in Mon Ikeun Village, Lhoknga District, Aceh Besar Regency and Measurement of insect bodies and ovipositor length of pollinator and non-pollinator fig wasps was carried out at the Biological Control Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University. This study used 10 samples of male F. hispida trees. Sampling of syconium was done by picking the fruit directly using hands or using a pole. The samples obtained were taken to the laboratory to be separated between pollinator and non-pollinator fig wasps for identification, then the body length from the head to the tip of the abdomen and also the length of the ovipositor of each sample of fig wasp that had been obtained were measured. The results of morphological identification show that the fig wasp the pollinator on F. hispida is the species Ceratosolen solmsi marchali, while the non-pollinator fig wasps are Apocrypta bakeri, Philotrypesis pilosa, and Philotrypesis sp. The composition of all fig wasps in F. hispida is dominated by fig pollinator wasps at 70.82%. The non-pollinator fig wasp species Philotrypesis pilosa was found at 13.47%. Philotrypesis sp. amounted to 11.47% and Apocrypta bakeri amounted to 4.24%. The body size of the pollinator fig wasp is very different from the size of the non-pollinator fig wasp. The average body size of fig pollinator wasps is 1.92 ± 0.01 mm while non-polinator ranges from 2.07 mm ± 0.01 mm to 2.09 mm ± 0.01 mm. The ovipositor length of non-pollinator fig wasps is very significantly different from the ovipositor length of pollinator fig wasps. The average length of the ovipositor of the non-pollinator fig wasp A. bakeri was 5.77 mm ± 0.03 mm, P. pilosa 7.64 mm ± 0.07 mm and Philotrypesis sp. 7.48mm ± 0.08 mm, while the ovipositor length of pollinator fig is only 0.84 mm ± 0.00 mm. The size of the ovipositor of the non-pollinator fig wasp is up to three times longer than its body size. The difference in the length of the ovipositor of each fig wasp species is related to the different way of laying eggs. The pollinator fig wasp lays eggs by entering the B phase syconium through the ostiole and laying its eggs directly into the gall. While the non-pollinator fig wasp lays its eggs through the fruit wall, by inserting its ovipositor until it penetrates the gall that previously contained eggs from the pollinator fig wasp.