Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat komposit dari kitosan selulosa ikat silang dengan penambahan bahan aktif ekstrak pala sebagai material alternatif pengganti plastik konvensional yang sulit terurai di alam. Selulosa diisolasi dari ampas kelapa dengan metode kimia dan ultrasonikasi. Pembentuk ikat silang yang digunakan adalah asam sitrat dan untuk menambah sifat antibakteri ditambahkan ekstrak pala. Komposit dibuat dengan variasi kitosan, selulosa, ikat silang asam sitrat, ekstrak pala. Hasil karakterisasi, film komposit memiliki kuat tarik lebih tinggi dibandingkan film kitosan. Spektra FT-IR menunjukkan bahwa penggabungan kitosan selulosa, dan ikat silang, serta ekstrak pala pada film ditandai dengan pergeseran bilangan gelombang kitosan. Hasil karakterisasi XRD diperoleh perubahan kristalinitas akibat penambahan selulosa, asam sitrat, dan ekstrak pala. Karakterisasi termal menghasilkan pengurangan berat yang lebih besar pada film komposit kitosan dibandingkan film kitosan. Hasil karakterisasi SEM menunjukkan morfologi film kitosan halus dan rapat, sedangkan morfologi film kitosan selulosa ikat silang asam sitrat dan ekstrak pala kasar dan berongga. Penambahan ekstrak pala menambah sifat antibakteri terhadap bakteri Eschericia coli dan Staphylococus aureus. Buah anggur yang dikemas menggunakan film komposit kitosan memiliki hasil yang lebih baik dibandingkan plastik konvensional. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh film komposit dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif pengganti plastik konvensional.

This study aims to prepare a composite of crosslinked cellulose chitosan with the addition of nutmeg extract as an alternative material to replace conventional plastics that are difficult to decompose in nature. Cellulose was isolated from coconut pulp by chemical method and ultrasonication. The crosslinking agent that used was citric acid and nutmeg extract was added to enhance the antibacterial properties. Composites were produced with variations of chitosan, cellulose, citric acid, and nutmeg extract. The results showed composite film had higher tensile strength than chitosan film. FT-IR spectra showed that the incorporation of chitosan, cellulose, and crosslinking, as well as nutmeg extract to the film shifted wave numbers of chitosan. XRD characterization exhibited changes in crystallinity due to the addition of cellulose, citric acid, and nutmeg extract. Thermal characterization resulted in greater weight reduction of composite film compared to chitosan film. SEM characterisation indicated that the morphology of the chitosan film was smooth and tight, while the morphology of the cellulose chitosan film crosslinked with citric acid and nutmeg extract was rough and hollow. The addition of nutmeg extract added antibacterial properties against Eschericia coli and Staphylococus aureus. Grapes that packed with composite films have better looks than packaged with conventional plastic. The results of this study imply the obtained composite films can be used as an alternative to replace conventional plastics.