Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Pengendalian gulma umumnya dilakukan dengan menggunakan herbisida sintetik, namun
penggunaan herbisida dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif bagi lingkungan. Dalam upaya
mengurangi penggunaan herbisida banyak penelitian yang mengembangkan penggunaan
bioherbisida yang berasal dari tumbuhan yang mengandung senyawa alelopati.Babadotan
(Ageratum conyzoides L.) adalah tumbuhan yang dapat digunakan sebagai bioherbisida
karena mengandung senyawa alelopati. Pelarut metanol salah satu pelarut universal yang
dapat melarutkan analit yang bersifat polar sehingga pelarut tersebut sangat baik
digunakan dalam proses ekstraksi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengatahui peran dan
berapakah konsentrasi terbaik ekstrak metanol babadotan terhadap pertumbuhan gulma
Teki, Brambangan, dan Rumput kerbau. Penelitian ini berlangsung dari Desember 2023
hingga Maret 2024 di Laboratorium Ilmu Gulma Departemen Agroteknologi Fakultas
Pertanian, Laboratorium Analisis Pangan dan Hasil Pertanian Departemen Teknologi
Hasil Pertanian Fakultas Pertanian, Laboratorium Kimia Organik Departemen Kimia
Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam dan Kebun Percobaan Fakultas
Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah
Rancangan Acak Lengkap pola Non Faktorial dengan 3 ulangan dan menggunakan 3 jenis
gulma, yaitu : Teki, Brambangan dan Rumput kerbau. Perlakuan terdiri dari kontrol
Aquades, konsentrasi ekstrak metanol babadotan 10%, 20% dan 30%. Hasil penelitian
menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol babadotan konsentrasi 30% perpengaruh nyata
terhadap jumlah daun dan kadar klorofil serta berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap bobot
basah dan persentase pengendalian gulma Teki. Perlakuan tersebut mampu menghambat
pertumbuhan gulma Teki dengan persentase keracunan sebesar 12,67% termasuk kategori
efek ringan pada 28 HSA. Ekstrak metanol babadotan konsentrasi 30% berpengaruh nyata
terhadap tinggi, kadar klorofil dan bobot kering serta berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap
jumlah daun, bobot basah dan persentase pengendalian gulma Brambangan. Perlakuan
tersebut mampu menghambat pertumbuhan gulma Brambangan dengan persentase
keracunan sebesar 43,89% termasuk kategori efek sedang pada 14 HSA. Ekstrak metanol
babadotan konsentrasi 30% berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap tinggi, jumlah daun, kadar
klorofil, bobot basah, bobot kering, dan persentase pengendalian gulma Rumput kerbau.
Perlakuan tersebut mampu menghambat pertumbuhan gulma Rumput kerbau dengan
persentase keracunan sebesar 61,67% termasuk kategori efek berat pada 28 HSA.
Perlakuan ekstrak metanol babadotan konsentrasi 30% adalah perlakuan terbaik dalam
mengendalikan gulma Teki, Brambangan dan Rumput kerbau.
Kata Kunci : Ageratum conyzoides L., Metanol, Cyperus rotundus, Commelina diffusa, Paspalum conjugatum

Weed control is generally carried out using synthetic herbicides, but the use of herbicides can have a negative impact on the environment. In an effort to reduce the use of herbicides, many studies have developed the use of bioherbicides derived from plants that contain allelopathic compounds. Billygoat (Ageratum conyzoides L.) is a plant that can be used as a bioherbicide because it contains allelopathic compounds. Methanol solvent is one of the universal solvents that can dissolve polar analytes so that the solvent is very well used in the extraction process. The purpose of this study was to determine the role and what is the best concentration of babadotan methanol extract on the growth Purpel nutsedge, Day flower and Buffalo grass weeds. This research took place from December 2023 to March 2024 at the Weed Science Laboratory of the Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Agricultural Products Analysis Laboratory of the Department of Agricultural Products Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Organic Chemistry Laboratory of the Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences and Experimental Garden, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh. The design used was a Non Factorial Complete Randomized Design with 3 replications and used 3 types of weeds, namely: Purpel nutsedge, Day flower and Buffalo grass weeds. The treatments consisted of distilled water control, Billygoat methanol extract concentrations of 10%, 20% and 30%. The results showed that the 30% concentration of babadotan methanol extract significantly affected the number of leaves and chlorophyll content and had a very significant effect on the wet weight and percentage control of Purpel nutsedge weeds. The treatment was able to inhibit the growth of Purpel nutsedge weeds with a poisoning percentage of 12.67% including the category of mild effect at 28 DAA. The 30% concentration of Billygoat methanol extract had a significant effect on height, chlorophyll content and dry weight and a very significant effect on the number of leaves, wet weight and percentage of control of Day flower weeds. The treatment was able to inhibit the growth of Day flower weeds with a poisoning percentage of 43.89% including the category of moderate effect at 14 DAA. The 30% concentration of Billygoat methanol extract had a very significant effect on height, number of leaves, chlorophyll content, wet weight, dry weight, and the percentage of control of buffalo grass weeds. The treatment was able to inhibit the growth of buffalo grass weeds with a poisoning percentage of 61.67% including the category of severe effects at 28 DAA. The 30% concentration of Billygoat methanol extract treatment was the best treatment in controlling Purpel nutsedge, Day flower and Buffalo grass weeds. Keyword : Ageratum conyzoides L., Methanol, Cyperus rotundus, Commelina diffusa, Paspalum conjugatum