Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Tingginya konsumsi produk peternakan terutama daging sebagai dampak dari peningkatan jumlah penduduk membuat industri peternakan unggas semakin berkembang. Salah satu ternak unggas yang populer adalah ayam broiler yang mampu tumbuh cepat dan menghasilkan daging dengan tekstur lunak yang diminati oleh masyarakat. Problem dalam peternakan ayam broiler terutama adalah cekaman panas yang seringkali diatasi dengan pemberian antistress. Namun, antistress yang mengandung antibiotik dapat meninggalkan residu pada daging ayam dan dapat menyebabkan resistensi bakteri berbahaya. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan aditif alternatif alami untuk mengatasi stress seperti penggunaan ekstrak daun kelor (Moringa oleifera).
Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Lapangan Peternakan (LLP), Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala tanggal 29 Maret sampai dengan 2 Mei 2024. Pemotongan dan pengambilan karkas dilakukan di Laboratorium Ilmu dan Teknologi Pengolahan Daging, Departemen Peternakan, Universitas Syiah Kuala. Penelitian ini menggunakan 100 ekor anak ayam broiler (DOC) strain MB 90 produksi PT Japfa Comfeed Indonesia, Medan. Ransum perlakuan adalah P0+= pemberian air minum ditambah vitastress (VS) atau tanpa EDK dengan pemberian pakan 100% ransum komersil (RK), P0-= pemberian air minum ditambah VS atau tanpa EDK dan pemberian pakan 80% RK disubstitusi dengan 20% bahan pakan substitusi (BPS), P1= pemberian air minum ditambah EDK 0,5 g/L air dan pemberian pakan 80% RK + 20% BPS, P2= pemberian air minum ditambah EDK 1 g/L air dan pemberian pakan 80% RK + 20% BPS, P3= air minum ditambah EDK 2 g/L air dan pemberian pakan 80% RK + 20% BPS. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) subsample dengan 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Setiap ulangan merupakan unit percobaaan yang masing-masing terdiri dari 5 ekor anak ayam. Data dianalisis dengan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dan jika hasil berbeda nyata maka analisis dilanjutkan dengan uji Jarak Berganda Duncan.
Hasil sidik ragam menunjukan bahwa pemberian EDK dalam air minum dengan pemberian ransum substitusi tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap bobot dan persentase karkas ayam broiler. Ayam broiler yang diberi ransum-ransum dengan pemberian EDK (P1, P2, P3) cenderung memiliki bobot karkas relatif lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan ayam broiler yang diberikan ransum substitusi tanpa pemberian EDK (P0-) tetapi secara statistik tidak nyata. Ransum substitusi tanpa pemberian EDK (P0-) menghasilkan bobot karkas lebih rendah, akan tetapi dengan pemberian EDK dalam air minum pada perlakuan ransum substitusi tersebut (P1, P2, P3), bobot karkas cenderung meningkat kembali. Pemberian EDK dalam air minum dengan pemberian ransum substitusi tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap bobot dan persentase semua potongan karkas ayam broiler seperti dada, paha, sayap, dan punggung, serta bobot dan persentase semua organ luar nonkarkas ayam broiler seperti bulu, kepala, leher, dan kaki.
Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak daun kelor dalam air minum disertai pemberian pakan substitusi 20% pakan komersial dengan campuran berupa menir, jagung, dedak padi, dan tepung ikan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap bobot dan persentase karkas, bobot dan persentase potongan karkas, serta bobot dan persentase organ luar nonkarkas ayam broiler.

The high consumption of livestock products, especially meat, as a result of increasing population, has made the poultry farming industry increasingly developed. One of the popular poultry breeds is broiler chickens which are able to grow quickly and produce meat with a soft texture that is in demand by the public. The problem in broiler chicken farming is mainly heat stress which is often overcome by administering antistress. However, antistress containing antibiotics can leave residue on chicken meat and can cause dangerous bacterial resistance. Therefore, natural alternative additives are needed to overcome stress, such as using Moringa oleifera leaf extract. This research was carried out at the Animal Husbandry Field Laboratory (LLP), Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University from March 29 to May 2 2024. Carcass cutting and collection was carried out at the Meat Processing Science and Technology Laboratory, Department of Animal Husbandry, Syiah Kuala University. This research used 100 broiler chicks (DOC) strain MB 90 produced by PT Japfa Comfeed Indonesia, Medan. Treatment rations are P0+= giving drinking water plus VS or without EDK with feeding 100% commercial ration (RK), P0-= giving drinking water plus VS or without EDK and feeding 80% RK substituted with 20% feed ingredients substitution (BPS), P1= giving drinking water plus EDK 0.5 g/L water and feeding 80% RK + 20% BPS, P2= giving drinking water plus EDK 1 g/L water and feeding 80% RK + 20 % BPS, P3 = drinking water plus EDK 2 g/L water and feeding 80% RK + 20% BPS. This research used a subsample Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Each replication is an experimental unit, each consisting of 5 chicks. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and if the results were significantly different then the analysis continued with Duncan's Multiple Range test. The results of variance analysis showed that the provision of EDK in drinking water with substitution rations had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the weight and percentage of broiler chicken carcasses. Broiler chickens given diets with EDK (P1, P2, P3) tend to have relatively higher carcass weights compared to broiler chickens given substitute diets without EDK (P0-) but this is not statistically significant. Substitution rations without giving EDK (P0-) resulted in lower carcass weights, however, by giving EDK in drinking water in the substitution ration treatments (P1, P2, P3), carcass weights tended to increase again. Providing EDK in drinking water with substitution rations had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the weight and percentage of all broiler chicken carcass cuts such as breast, thigh, wing and back, as well as the weight and percentage of all non-carcass external organs of broiler chickens such as feathers. , head, neck and feet. From the research results, it can be concluded that administering Moringa leaf extract in drinking water accompanied by feeding substitute 20% commercial feed with a mixture of groats, corn, rice bran and fish meal has no significant effect on carcass weight and percentage, weight and percentage of carcass cuts, and weight and percentage of non-carcass external organs of broiler chickens.