Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Fosfor (P) merupakan salah satu unsur hara yang penting bagi tanaman, terutama untuk menunjang produksi padi. Ketersediaan P sangat penting karena berperan dalam proses pertumbuhan tanaman. Meskipun pemupukan P di lahan sawah sering dilakukan secara intensif, namun sering kali tidak memperhatikan kondisi ketersediaan P dalam tanah. Proses pemupukan yang dilakukan setiap musim tanam seringkali menyebabkan penimbunan P dalam tanah, padahal sebenarnya P tersebut dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber hara bagi tanaman padi. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan kandungan P-tersedia dan P-total dalam tanah sawah, mengevaluasi kelas status hara P, serta untuk mengetahui sistem pengelolaan lahan sawah yang menunjukkan hasil produksi yang berbeda.
Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan melakukan survei dan pengambilan sampel tanah. Sampel tanah diambil secara purposive sampling berdasarkan posisi lahan, yaitu pada lahan sawah dengan produksi tinggi dan rendah berdasarkan data Badan Penyuluhan Pertanian (BPP) Kecamatan Kuta Baro, Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Masing-masing lahan sawah diambil 2 sampel sehingga terdapat 4 sampel tanah. Sampel tanah dianalisis di laboratorium meliputi pH H2O, C-organik, P-total, dan P-tersedia.
Hasil analisis laboratorium menunjukkan kandungan P-tersedia di lahan sawah berproduksi tinggi di Desa Cucum adalah 24,02 mg.kg-1, termasuk kategori sangat tinggi. Sedangkan di Desa Lamteubee Mon Ara, kandungannya adalah 7,66 mg.kg-1, masuk dalam kategori sedang. Pada lahan sawah berproduksi rendah seperti di Desa Lamceu (3,64 mg.kg-1) dan Desa Lam Alue Raya (2,10 mg.kg-1), kandungan P-tersedia sangat rendah. Untuk P-total, di lahan sawah berproduksi tinggi di Desa Cucum adalah 74,18 mg.kg-1, termasuk kategori sangat tinggi. Di Desa Lamteubee Mon Ara, kandungan P-totalnya adalah 14,7 mg.kg-1, termasuk kategori rendah. Pada lahan sawah berproduksi rendah seperti di Desa Lamceu (5,6 mg.kg-1) dan Desa Lam Alue Raya (5,09 mg.kg-1), kandungan P-totalnya juga sangat rendah.
Status ketersediaan P di lahan sawah Kecamatan Kuta Baro sangat bervariasi. Sekitar 22,4% dari total lahan memiliki P yang cukup untuk pertumbuhan optimal padi, sementara 13,3% memiliki P yang memadai namun membutuhkan pemantauan dan tambahan pupuk. Sedangkan 64,3% lahan memiliki P yang sangat rendah, sehingga memerlukan penambahan pupuk dan pengelolaan tanah yang efektif untuk mengoptimalkan pertumbuhan dan hasil panen padi. Sementara perbedaan produksi padi di Desa Cucum, Lamteubee Mon Ara, Lamceu, dan Lam Alue Raya disebabkan oleh variasi dosis pupuk, jadwal pemberian pupuk, dan pengaturan irigasi yang tidak teratur.

Phosphorus (P) is an important nutrient for plants, especially to support rice production. The availability of P is very important because it plays a role in the plant growth process. Although P fertilization in paddy fields is often carried out intensively, it often does not pay attention to the condition of P availability in the soil. The fertilization process carried out every planting season often causes the accumulation of P in the soil, even though the P can actually be used as a nutrient source for rice plants. Therefore, the aim of this research is to determine the available P and total P content in rice field soil, evaluate the P nutrient status class, and to determine the rice field management system that shows different production results. The method used in this research is a quantitative descriptive method by conducting surveys and taking soil samples. Soil samples were taken by purposive sampling based on land position, namely on rice fields with high and low production based on data from the Agricultural Extension Agency (BPP) Kuta Baro District, Aceh Besar Regency. Two samples were taken from each rice field so that there were 4 soil samples. Soil samples are analyzed in the laboratory including pH H2O, C-organic, P-total, and P-available. The results of laboratory analysis show that the available P content in high-production rice fields in Cucum Village is 24.02 mg.kg-1, including the very high category. Meanwhile, in Lamteubee Mon Ara Village, the content was 7.66 mg.kg-1, which is in the medium category. In low-production rice fields such as in Lamceu Village (3.64 mg.kg-1) and Lam Alue Raya Village (2.10 mg.kg-1), the available P-content is very low. For P-total, in high-producing rice fields in Cucum Village it is 74.18 mg.kg-1, including the very high category. In Lamteubee Mon Ara Village, the total P content is 14.7 mg.kg-1, including the low category. In low-production rice fields such as in Lamceu Village (5.6 mg.kg-1) and Lam Alue Raya Village (5.09 mg.kg-1), the total P content is also very low. The status of P availability in the rice fields of Kuta Baro District varies greatly. About 22.4% of the total land has sufficient P for optimal rice growth, while 13.3% has adequate P but requires monitoring and additional fertilizer. Meanwhile, 64.3% of land has very low P, requiring additional fertilizer and effective soil management to optimize rice growth and yields. Meanwhile, differences in rice production in the villages of Cucum, Lamteubee Mon Ara, Lamceu, and Lam Alue Raya are caused by variations in fertilizer doses, fertilizer application schedules, and irregular irrigation arrangements.