Electronic Theses and Dissertation

ABSTRAK
Kesejahteraan nelayan merupakan satu aspek penting bagi pembangunan perikanan yang berkelanjutan seperti halnya yang terdapat di Danau Lut Tawar. Danau Lut Tawar yang terletak di Kabupaten Aceh Tengah, Provinsi Aceh berperan penting dalam memenuhi kebutuhan sosial ekonomi nelayan di perairan Danau Lut Tawar. Masalah pokok terkait kehidupan sosial ekonomi nelayan khususnya nelayan jaring insang di Danau Lut Tawar sebagian besar adalah dikarenakan tidak menentunya jumlah pendapatan nelayan, diduga nelayan jaring insang di Danau Lut Tawar masih ada yang mengabaikan kebutuhan primer mereka, ditambah tuntutan kebutuhan pokok yang terkadang mengalami kenaikan harga yang juga mempengaruhi pengelolaan pendapatan dari nelayan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai tingkat kesejahteraan nelayan jaring insang di Danau Lut Tawar Kabupaten Aceh Tengah ditinjau melaui aspek sosial dan ekonomi berdasarkan indikator kesejahteraan Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), Upah Minimum Provinsi (UMP) dan Nilai Tukar Nelayan (NTN). Penelitian dilakukan selama 1 bulan, di bulan Juni 2023 sampai dengan Juli 2023. Jumlah sampel yang diambil yaitu 36 nelayan jaring insang dengan total populasi nelayan jaring insang berjumlah 362 nelayan. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Metode pengambilan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi dan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kesejahteraan nelayan jaring insang secara sosial menurut 15 indikator BPS 2015 dan 2021 berdasarkan masing-masing kriteria didapati 2 indikator di skala 1 (rendah), 7 indikator di skala 2 (sedang) dan 6 indikator di skala 3 (tinggi). Berdasarkan hasil skoring terhadap 15 indikator BPS 2015 dan 2021 terdapat 81% nelayan dengan perolehan skor 26-35 dalam kategori sedang dan 19 % nelayan dengan perolehan skor 36-45 dalam kategori tinggi. Sementara itu berdasarkan tingkat kesejahteraan secara ekonomi menurut UMP dan NTN terdapat 94% nelayan yang memiliki penghasilan di atas UMP Aceh (Rp.3.413.666) dan terdapat 78% nelayan dengan NTN >1. Dimana mayoritas responden nelayan berada pada tingkat kesejahteraan yang relatif baik, artinya indeks yang diterima lebih besar dari pada indeks yang harus dibayarkan (surplus).

Kata Kunci : Jaring Insang, Kesejahteraan Nelayan, Sosial-Ekonomi, Danau Lut Tawar.

ABSTRACT The welfare of fishermen is an important aspect of sustainable fisheries development, as seen in Lake Lut Tawar. Lake Lut Tawar, located in the Aceh Tengah Regency, Aceh Province, plays a crucial role in fulfilling the socio-economic needs of fishermen in the waters of Lake Lut Tawar. The main problem related to the socio economic livelihoods of fishermen, especially those using gillnets in Lake Lut Tawar, is primarily due to the inconsistent income of fishermen. It is suspected that some gillnet fishermen in Lake Lut Tawar neglect their basic household needs, compounded by the occasional increase in the prices of essential goods, which also affects the management of their income. This study aims to assess the welfare level of gillnet fishermen in Lake Lut Tawar, Aceh Tengah Regency, from social and economic aspects based on the indicators of welfare provided by the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), the Provincial Minimum Wage (UMP), and the Fishers Trade Index (NTN). The study was conducted for 1 month, from June 2023 to July 2023. The sample size was 36 gillnet fishermen out of a total population of 362 gillnet fishermen. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Data collection methods included interviews, observations, and literature review. The results of the study showed that the social welfare level of gillnet fishermen according to 15 indicators from BPS 2015 and 2021, based on their respective criteria, revealed 2 indicators in scale 1 (low), 7 indicators in scale 2 (medium), and 6 indicators in scale 3 (high). Based on the scoring results of the 15 indicators from BPS 2015 and 2021, 81% of the fishermen obtained scores between 26-35, indicating a medium category, and 19% of the fishermen obtained scores between 36-45, indicating a high category. Meanwhile, in terms of economic welfare, according to UMP and NTN, 94% of the fishermen had incomes above the Aceh UMP (Rp. 3,413,666), and 78% of the fishermen had an NTN > 1. The majority of the respondents were relatively well-off in terms of welfare, meaning that the received index was higher than the index that had to be paid (surplus). Keywords: Gillnet, Fishermen Welfare, Socio-Economic, Lake Lut Tawar.