Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Perkembangan teknologi telah membawa dampak pada dunia hukum dengan hadirnya perjanjian elektronik atau e-contract. E-contract diharapkan memberikan kemudahan dalam perjanjian, sebagai solusinya smart contract mulai digunakan oleh beberapa perusahaan di Indonesia, termasuk bisnis waralaba. Penggunaan smart contract dapat menyeimbangkan posisi tawar antar pihak dalam perjanjian waralaba dan meningkatkan transparansi dalam proses distribusi. Namun, ketiadaan peraturan khusus mengenai smart contract di Indonesia menjadi hambatan yang perlu diatasi untuk memberikan kepastian hukum bagi para pihak yang ingin menggunakan teknologi ini.
Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menjelaskan legalitas smart contract berdasarkan KUHPerdata dan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (selanjutnya disebut UU ITE), penerapan smart contract dalam perjanjian waralaba dan hambatan pada penerapan smart contract dalam perjanjian waralaba.
Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. data diperoleh dari studi kepustakaan bahan hukum seperti undang-undang terkait informasi dan transaksi elektronik serta waralaba, buku dan jurnal terkait judul penelitian.
Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini, berdasarkan KUHPerdata, smart contract memiliki legalitas berlandaskan asas kebebasan berkontrak dan wajib memenuhi syarat sah perjanjian untuk menjamin kepastian hukum. Prinsip netral teknologi dalam UU ITE memberikan peluang bagi pengembangan inovasi teknologi seperti smart contract. Penggunaan smart contract dalam perjanjian waralaba dapat dilakukan dengan mengeksekusi klausul-klausul penting dalam perjanjian. Namun, hambatan dalam penerapan smart contract terjadi terutama dalam penyelesaian sengketa yang masih memerlukan intervensi pihak ketiga.
Disarankan untuk melakukan pengadopsian aturan mengenai smart contract dari negara-negara seperti Spanyol dan Belanda guna memperkuat penggunaannya di Indonesia. Bagi pengguna smart contract dalam perjanjian waralaba, penting untuk teliti dalam mengotomatisasi klausul-klausul agar menghindari kesalahan dalam pelaksanaan perjanjian. Hambatan dapat dihindari dengan tidak otomatisasi klausul penyelesaian sengketa sehingga masalah dapat diselesaikan secara tepat jika terjadi di kemudian hari.

The development of technology has brought significant impacts to the legal world with the emergence of electronic contracts or e-contracts. E-contracts are expected to provide convenience in agreements, and as a solution, smart contracts are now being used by several companies in Indonesia, including franchise businesses. The use of smart contracts can balance the bargaining positions between parties in franchise agreements and enhance transparency in the distribution process. However, the absence of specific regulations regarding smart contracts in Indonesia poses a barrier that needs to be overcome to provide legal certainty for parties interested in utilizing this technology. The purpose of this research is to explain the legality of smart contracts based on the Indonesian Civil Code (KUHPerdata) and the Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions (referred to as the ITE Law), the application of smart contracts in franchise agreements, and the obstacles in implementing smart contracts in franchise agreements. The method used in this research is normative juridical with a legislative and conceptual approach. Data is obtained from literature studies on legal materials such as relevant laws on electronic information and transactions as well as franchising, books, and journals related to the research topic. The results obtained from this research indicate that based on KUHPerdata, smart contracts have legality grounded in the principles of freedom to contract and the requirement to fulfill the elements of a valid agreement to ensure legal certainty. The principle of technology neutrality in the ITE Law provides opportunities for the development of technological innovations such as smart contracts. The use of smart contracts in franchise agreements can be executed by automating essential clauses within the agreement. However, obstacles in implementing smart contracts mainly arise in dispute resolution, which still requires third-party intervention. It is suggested to adopt regulations regarding smart contracts from countries like Spain and the Netherlands to strengthen their usage in Indonesia. For users of smart contracts in franchise agreements, it's important to be meticulous in automating clauses to avoid errors in the execution of the agreement. Obstacles can be avoided by not automating dispute resolution clauses, thus enabling problems to be resolved accurately if they arise later on.