Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Tanah merupakan aset strategis dengan nilai ekonomi dan sosial yang tinggi, sehingga memerlukan kepastian hukum sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria Tahun 1960. Namun, di banyak daerah, transaksi jual beli tanah masih sering dilakukan tanpa sertifikat dan hanya mengandalkan akta di bawah tangan. Situasi ini menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum dan kerentanan bagi pembeli, yang berpotensi memicu sengketa tanah yang sulit diselesaikan melalui jalur formal.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis praktik jual beli tanah tanpa sertifikat di Kabupaten Nagan Raya, mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor pendorong praktik tersebut, serta mendeskripsikan pola penyelesaian sengketa yang digunakan masyarakat dalam menangani masalah hukum yang timbul dari transaksi tanah tanpa sertifikat.

Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis empiris, dengan sumber data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan Camat, Keuchik, pembeli, dan staf Badan Pertanahan Nasional Kabupaten Nagan Raya. Sementara itu, data sekunder dikumpulkan melalui tinjauan pustaka terhadap peraturan pertanahan, yang kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa transaksi jual beli tanah di Kecamatan Seunagan, Kabupaten Nagan Raya, pada umumnya dilakukan secara informal tanpa keterlibatan Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (PPAT), sehingga tidak memenuhi ketentuan Pasal 37 ayat (1) Peraturan Pemerintah No. 24 Tahun 1997. Praktik tersebut dilatarbelakangi oleh tingginya biaya sertifikasi, kerumitan prosedur, dan rendahnya kesadaran hukum masyarakat, dengan penyelesaian sengketa yang lazim ditempuh melalui mediasi adat di tingkat Gampong. Perlindungan hukum bagi pembeli tanah tanpa sertifikat terbukti masih lemah secara formil, mengingat mekanisme adat tidak memiliki kekuatan eksekutorial dan tidak dapat menggantikan Akta Jual Beli Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (PPAT) sebagai syarat pendaftaran peralihan hak di Badan Pertanahan Nasional.

Disarankan agar Badan Pertanahan Nasional Kabupaten Nagan Raya mengoptimalkan program Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematis Lengkap (PTSL) dan meningkatkan transparansi biaya. Pembeli yang memiliki akta di bawah tangan dihimbau segera melakukan legalisasi melalui Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah. Selain itu, Keuchik diharapkan lebih ketat dalam mengawasi transaksi tanah dengan mewajibkan komitmen tindak lanjut ke prosedur formal guna memutus rantai transaksi informal di masyarakat.

Land constitutes a strategic asset with significant economic and social value, thereby requiring legal certainty as mandated under the Basic Agrarian Law of 1960. Nevertheless, in many regions, land sale and purchase transactions are still frequently conducted without land certificates and rely solely on private deeds. Such circumstances create legal uncertainty and vulnerability for purchasers, potentially leading to land disputes that are difficult to resolve through formal legal mechanisms. This study aims to analyze the practice of uncertified land sale and purchase transactions in Nagan Raya Regency, to identify the factors contributing to such practices, and to describe the dispute resolution mechanisms commonly utilized by the community in addressing legal issues arising from uncertified land transactions. The research employs an empirical juridical method, with primary data obtained through interviews with the Subdistrict Head (Camat), Village Head (Keuchik), purchasers, and staff members of the National Land Agency (Badan Pertanahan Nasional/BPN) of Nagan Raya Regency. Secondary data were collected through a literature review of land regulations and subsequently analyzed qualitatively. The findings reveal that land sale and purchase transactions in Seunagan District, Nagan Raya Regency, are generally conducted informally without the involvement of a Land Deed Official (Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah/PPAT), thereby failing to comply with Article 37 paragraph (1) of Government Regulation No. 24 of 1997. Such practices are primarily driven by the high cost of land certification, procedural complexity, and the low level of public legal awareness. Land disputes are commonly resolved through customary mediation at the Gampong (village) level. Legal protection for purchasers of uncertified land remains formally weak, considering that customary settlement mechanisms do not possess executorial force and cannot substitute the Sale and Purchase Deed issued by a Land Deed Official (PPAT) as a prerequisite for the registration of transfer of land rights before the National Land Agency. It is recommended that the National Land Agency of Nagan Raya Regency optimize the implementation of the Complete Systematic Land Registration Program (Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematis Lengkap/PTSL) and improve transparency regarding certification costs. Purchasers holding private deeds are advised to immediately legalize such transactions through a Land Deed Official (PPAT). Furthermore, Village Heads (Keuchik) are expected to exercise stricter supervision over land transactions by requiring commitments for follow-up through formal legal procedures in order to break the cycle of informal land transactions within the community.