Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Perkembangan teknologi informasi yang pesat telah membawa perubahan fundamental dalam sistem hukum pidana Indonesia, khususnya dalam hal pembuktian terhadap tindak pidana cyber. Kejahatan cyber menimbulkan tantangan baru karena bersifat lintas batas, kompleks, dan sangat bergantung pada bukti elektronik sebagai alat pembuktian utama, sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 5 dan Pasal 44 UU ITE. Permasalahan utama dalam penelitian ini berfokus pada pengaturan validitas alat bukti digital dalam tindak pidana cyber di Indonesia menurut UU ITE, penerapan prinsip forensik digital chain of custody dalam menjaga keutuhan bukti elektronik, serta tindakan hakim dalam menilai keabsahan alat bukti digital di persidangan.

Penelitian skripsi ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan dan menganalisis pengaturan validitas alat bukti digital dalam tindak pidana cyber (cybercrime) menurut UU ITE, menelaah penerapan forensik digital dalam mejaga keutuhan serta integritas alat bukti melalui prinsip chain of custody, serta mengkaji peran hakim dalam menilai validitas alat bukti digital di persidangan.

Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan skripsi ini ialah metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, perbandingan hukum, dan kasus, serta data penelitian diperoleh melalui penelitian kepustakaan. Analisis dilakukan secara deksriptif analitis dengan menelaah kesesuaian norma hukum dan penerapannya dalam praktik pembuktian di peradilan pidana cyber.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara normatif, alat bukti digital telah diakui sebagai alat bukti hukum yang sah sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 5 dan Pasal 44 UU ITE. Namun, pengaturan tersebut belum dilengkapi dengan standar teknis pembuktian yang jelas, sehingga menimbulkan kesenjangan antara legitimasi normatif dan validitas forensik. Penerapan forensik digital melalui prinsip chain of custody terbukti penting untuk menjaga integritas bukti elektronik, tetapi penerapannya masih belum optimal karena belum diatur secara eksplisit dalam hukum acara pidana. Di sisi lain, hakim dalam praktiknya menilai validitas bukti digital dengan mengacu pada asas due process of law dan prinsip keadilan prosedural, meskipun belum terdapat pedoman yang seragam di antara pengadilan,

Disarankan perlunya pembaruan hukum UU ITE yang secara khusus mengatur tata cara pembuktian digital, termasuk penerapan chain of custody sebagai kewajiban hukum. Pemerintah, Mahkamah Agung, dan lembaga penegak hukum perlu menyusun pedoman teknis dan pelatihan terpadu mengenai pembuktian elektronik agar proses peradilan cyber dapat berjalan transparan, akuntabel, dan berkeadilan. Dengan demikian, sistem pembuktian pidana di Indonesia mampu beradaptasi dengan perkembangan teknologi.

The rapid development of information technology has brought fundamental changes to the Indonesian criminal law system, particularly in relation to evidentiary processes in cybercrime cases. Cybercrime presents new challenges due to its transnational nature, complexity, and heavy reliance on electronic evidence as the primary means of proof, as regulated under Articles 5 and 44 of the Law on Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE Law). The main issues addressed in this research focus on the regulation of the validity of digital evidence in cybercrime under the ITE Law, the application of the digital forensic chain of custody principle in maintaining the integrity of electronic evidence, and the role of judges in assessing the admissibility of digital evidence in court proceedings. This undergraduate thesis aims to explain and analyze the legal framework governing the validity of digital evidence in cybercrime under the ITE Law, to examine the application of digital forensic practices in preserving the integrity and authenticity of evidence through the chain of custody principle, and to assess the role of judges in determining the validity of digital evidence during trial proceedings. The method employed in this research is a normative juridical approach, utilizing statutory, comparative, and case-based analyses. The research data were obtained through library research. The analysis is conducted in a descriptive-analytical manner by examining the conformity between legal norms and their application in the practice of evidentiary proceedings within cybercrime adjudication. The findings indicate that, normatively, digital evidence has been recognized as legally admissible evidence as stipulated in Articles 5 and 44 of the ITE Law. However, such regulation is not yet accompanied by clear technical standards of proof, resulting in a gap between normative legitimacy and forensic validity. The application of digital forensics through the chain of custody principle is proven to be essential in maintaining the integrity of electronic evidence; nevertheless, its implementation remains suboptimal due to the absence of explicit regulation within criminal procedural law. On the other hand, in practice, judges assess the validity of digital evidence by referring to the principle of due process of law and procedural fairness, despite the lack of uniform guidelines across courts. It is therefore recommended that the ITE Law be reformed to specifically regulate procedures for digital evidence, including the mandatory application of the chain of custody principle. The Government, the Supreme Court, and law enforcement agencies should develop technical guidelines and integrated training on electronic evidence to ensure that cybercrime proceedings are conducted in a transparent, accountable, and just manner. In this way, Indonesia’s criminal evidentiary system will be better equipped to adapt to technological advancements.