Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Penurunan produktivitas tanaman padi dapat dipengaruhi oleh banyak factor. Salah satu organisme pengganggu yang dapat menyebabkan penurunan produktivitas tanaman padi adalah Pyricularia oryzae yang dapat menyebabkan penurunan produksi padi hingga 90%. Penggunaan fungisida merupakan metode pengendalian yang kerap diandalkan untuk mengendalikan berbagai jenis penyakit,namun pengendalian ini sering menimbulkan kerugian bagi manusia dan lingkungan. Oleh sebab itu perlu dicarikan alternatif pengendalian yang bersifat ramah lingkungan seperti pengendalian hayati. Cendawan endofit dianggap sebagai cara pengendalian yang tepat karena agens pengendalinya berasal dari tanaman itu sendiri, serta dapat menghasilkan antibiotik yang mampu melemahkan cendawan patogen. Rancangan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) Non Faktorial yang terdiri dari 9 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan.Cendawan endofit dan cendawan patogen diisolasi dari tanaman padi yang berasal dari Desa Lampasie Enking, Kecamatan Darul Imarah, Kabupaten Aceh Besar.Isolat cendawan yang telah diidentifikasi diuji patogenisitasnya pada bibit padi varietas ciherang. Isolat cendawan yang tidak menunjukkan gejala nekrotik kemudian diuji daya antagonisnya secara in vitro terhadap P. oryzae dengan menggunakan metode dual culture. Hasil dari penelitian ini diperoleh sembilan cendawan endofit dari tanaman padi di Desa Lampasie Enking, Kecamatan Darul Imarah, Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Isolat BPS-S2 (Trichoderma sp. 2) paling berpotensi sebagai agens pengendali hayati P. oryzae dengan persentase daya hambat sebesar 61,4%.

The decline in productivity of rice plants can be influenced by many factors. One of the nuisance organisms that can cause a decrease in rice productivity is Pyricularia oryzae which can cause a decrease in rice production by up to 90%. The use of fungicides is a control method that is often relied upon to control various types of diseases, but this control often causes losses to humans and the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to find an alternative control that is environmentally friendly, such as biological control. Endophytic fungi are considered as an appropriate control method because the control agents are derived from the plant itself, and can produce antibiotics that can weaken pathogenic fungi. The design used in this study was a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 9 treatments and 3 replications. Endophytic fungi and pathogens were isolated from rice plants in Lampasie Enking Village, Darul Imarah District, Aceh Besar Regency. which have been identified were tested for pathogenicity on rice seedlings of Ciherang variety. Fungal isolates that did not show necrotic symptoms were then tested for antagonism in vitro against P. oryzae using the dual culture method. The results of this study obtained nine endophytic fungi from rice plants in Lampasie Enking Village, Darul Imarah District, Aceh Besar Regency. The isolate BPS-S2 (Trichoderma sp. 2) was the most potential as a biological agent for P. oryzae with an inhibitory percentage of 61.4%.