Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Tanaman padi merupakan tanaman sumber makanan pokok di Indonesia. Kondisi iklim yang tidak menentu seperti kekeringan sebagai dampak dari pemanasan global mempengaruhi produktivitas padi. Kekeringan mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan hasil padi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh cekaman kekeringan dan pemupukan kalium terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman padi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Rumah Kaca 2 Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala yang belangsung dari bulan Februari–Juni 2021. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Petak Terpisah 3 x 3 dengan 3 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah cekaman kekeringan sebagai petak utama yang terdiri dari 3 taraf (Tanpa Kekeringan, Kekeringan Fase Vegetatif dan Kekeringan Fase Generatif). Faktor kedua adalah pemupukan kalium sebagai anak petak yang terdiri dari 3 taraf (50 kg.ha-1, 100 kg.ha-1 dan 150 kg.ha-1). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kekeringan berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman (5-9 MST), jumlah anakan (5-9 MST), jumlah daun (5-9 MST), diameter batang (6-9 MST), skor daun menggulung, umur berbunga, berat kering akar, berat kering tajuk, berat gabah berisi dan potensi hasil serta terdapat pengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman 4 MST, tinggi tanaman saat panen, diameter pangkal rumpun (1-5 MST), rasio akar tajuk dan berat gabah hampa. Pemupukan kalium berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap panjang akar, berat kering akar, berat kering tajuk, berat gabah berisi dan potensi hasil serta terdapat pengaruh yang nyata terhadap jumlah daun 4 MST. Terdapat interaksi yang sangat nyata antara kekeringan dan pemupukan kalium terhadap jumlah daun (3, 4 MST) dan berat kering akar serta terdapat interaksi nyata terhadap berat kering tajuk, rasio akar tajuk, berat gabah berisi dan potensi hasil. Pemupukam KCl 100 kg ha-1 dapat memperkecil penurunan hasil padi yang mengalami kekeringan fase vegetatif. Pemupukan KCl 150 kg ha-1 dapat memperkecil penurunan hasil padi yang mengalami kekeringan fase generatif.

Kata kunci: Cekaman Kekeringan, Kalium, Inpari 32

Rice is a staple food for Indonesian. Uncertain climatic conditions such as drought as a result of global warming affect rice productivity. Drought affects the growth and yield of rice. This research was conducted to determine the effect of drought stress and potassium fertilization on the growth and yield of rice plants. This research was carried out in Greenhouse 2, of Faculty Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University which took place from February-June 2021. The design used was a 3 x 3 Split Plot Design with 3 replications. The first factor is drought stress as the main plot consisting of 3 levels (No Drought, Vegetative Drought and Generative Phase Drought stress). The second factor was potassium fertilization as sub-plots which consisted of 3 levels (50 kg.ha-1, 100 kg.ha-1 and 150 kg.ha-1 of KCl). The results showed that drought had a very significant effect on plant height at (5-9 WAP), number of tillers at (5-9 WAP), number of leaves at (5-9 WAP), stem diameter at (5-9 WAP), leaf rolling score, flowering age, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, filled grain weight and yield potential and there was a significant effect on plant height 4 WAP, plant height at harvest, diameter at (1, 2, 5 WAP), root shoot ratio and weight of empty grain. Potassium fertilization had a very significant effect on root length, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, filled grain weight and yield potential and significantly affected the number of leaves at 4 WAP. There was a very significant interaction effect between droght and potassium fertilization on the number of leaves at (3, 4 WAP) and root dry weight. There was a significant interaction effect on the dry weight of the shoot, the ratio of the roots shoot, the weight of the filled grain and the yield potential. Fertilizetion KCl 100 kg ha-1 can reduce the decrease in rice yields that experience drought in the vegetative phase. Fertilizing KCl 150 kgha-1 can reduce the decrease in rice yields that experience drought in the generative phase. Keywords: Drought Stress, Potassium, Inpari 32