Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Biochar merupakan hasil dari proses pembakaran bahan organik atau biomassa mentah pada kondisi tanpa atau sedikit oksigen (pyrolysis) dengan temperatur 250 - 500 oC dalam bentuk bahan padatan kaya karbon. Sifat fisik dari biochar yaitu memiliki banyak ruang pori, kadar air, kapasitas air tersedia tergolong tinggi dan titik layu permanen yang tergolong rendah sehingga dapat memperbaiki sifat fisika tanah dan meningkatkan hasil pertumbuhan tanaman. Perbedaan bahan baku dan ukuran partikel memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda pada tanah. Bambu merupakan salah satu bahan baku yang dapat digunakan untuk memproduksi arang aktif karena mempunyai daya adsorbsi dan kapasitas tukar kation yang tinggi.
Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kebun percobaan ACIAR Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala, analisis sampel tanah dilakukan di Laboratorium Fisika Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala dan analisis kadar hara tanaman dilakukan di Laboratorium Penelitian Tanah dan Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) non faktorial dengan empat perlakuan ukuran partikel biochar yaitu P0 (Kontrol), P1 (5.00 - 2.00 mm), P2 (2.00 - 1.00 mm), P3 (1.00 - 0.5 mm) dan tiga kali ulangan sehingga dihasilkan 12 satuan plot percobaan dengan dosis biochar 15 ton ha-1 atau setara dengan 9 kg plot-1. Perlakuan disebarkan, diaduk dan diratakan secara manual pada bedengan berukuran panjang 2,60 m dengan lebar 1,80 m dan benih kedelai ditugal sebanyak 2 benih dengan jarak tanam 30 cm x 30 cm.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sifat fisika tanah yang diamati yaitu berat volume tanah, porositas, permeabilitas, kapasitas menyimpan air (WHC), daya hantar listrik (DHL) dan pH tanah (H2O) setelah musim tanam pertama dan akhir musim tanam kedua tidak menunjukkan pengaruh yang nyata akibat perlakuan yang diberikan. Biochar bambu dengan berbagai ukuran tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar hara P-total dan K-total tanaman tetapi kadar hara N-total berpengaruh sangat nyata pada taraf 1%. Biochar bambu dengan berbagai ukuran tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap parameter pertumbuhan tanaman yaitu meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah cabang, berat berangkasan basah dan berat berangkasan kering oven tanaman kedelai. Parameter produksi tanaman kedelai meliputi polong berisi, polong hampa, total polong dan berat biji kering tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pemberian biochar bambu dengan berbagai ukuran, sedangkan untuk parameter produksi berat 100 biji berpengaruh sangat nyata pada taraf 1%. Produksi tanaman kedelai akibat pemberian biochar bambu dengan berbagai ukuran yaitu P0 sebesar 1,09 ton ha-1, P1 sebesar 1,28 ton ha-1, P2 sebesar 0,96 ton ha-1 dan P3 sebesar 1,31ton ha-1. Ukuran biochar yang menunjukkan hasil baik dalam memperbaiki sifat fisika tanah, kadar hara tanaman, pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman kedelai yaitu 1.00 - 0.5 mm (P3).

Biochar is the result of the combustion process of organic material or raw biomass with a little or absence of oxygen (pyrolysis) at a temperature of 250 - 500 oC in the form of carbon-rich solid materials. The physical properties of biochar are having a lot of pore spaces, water content, high available water capacity, and low permanent wilting point enabling to improve soil physical properties and increase plant growth. Differences in raw materials and particle size have different effects on the soil. Bamboo is one of the raw materials that can be used to produce activated charcoal as it has a high adsorption and cation exchange capacity.
This research was conducted in the ACIAR experimental garden, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Syiah Kuala. The soil sample analysis was performed at the Soil Physics Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Syiah Kuala. Then, the analysis of plant nutrient content was carried out at the Soil and Plant Research Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Syiah Kuala. This research used a non-factorial randomized block design (RAK) with four biochar particle size treatments, namely P0 (Control), P1 (5.00 - 2.00 mm), P2 (2.00 - 1.00 mm), P3 (1.00 - 0.5 mm), and three replications resulting in 12 experimental plot units with a biochar dose of 15 tons ha-1 or the equivalent of 9 kg plot-1. The treatments were spread, stirred, and leveled manually on beds of 2.60 m long and 1.80 m wide and 2 soybean seeds were planted with a spacing of 30 cm x 30 cm.
The results showed that the observed physical properties of soil such as soil volume-weight, porosity, permeability, water storage capacity (WHC), electrical conductivity (DHL), and soil pH (H2O) after the first growing season and the end of the second growing season did not show a significant effect. Bamboo biochar with various sizes did not significantly affect the P-total and K-total nutrient content of the plant but the N-total nutrient content had a very significant effect at 1% level. Bamboo biochar with various sizes did not show a significant effect on plant growth parameters covering plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, wet and oven-dry weight of soybean plants. The bamboo biochar sizes did not show a significant effect on soybean production parameters such as filled pods, empty pods, total pods, and dry seed weight. Meanwhile, the production parameter of the weight of 100 seeds had a very significant effect at the 1% level. Production of soybean with varied bamboo biochar sizes reached 1.09 ton ha-1 for P0, 1.28 ton ha-1 for P1, 0.96 ton ha-1 for P2, and 1.31ton ha-1 for P3. The size of biochar with good results in improving soil physical properties, plant nutrient content, growth and production of soybean plants was 1.00 - 0.5 mm (P3).

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