Electronic Theses and Dissertation

PERTIMBANGAN YURIDIS HAKIM MAHKAMAH SYAR’IYAH TAPAKTUAN DAN BANDA ACEH TENTANG PERMOHONAN PEMBATALAN HIBAH
(Analisis Putusan Nomor 0109/Pdt.G/2015/MS.Ttn, Nomor 292/Pdt.G/2016/ Ms-Bna, Nomor 106 /Pdt.G/2019/Ms-Bna, dan Putusan Nomor 283/Pdt.G/ 2019/Ms-Bna)

Usman Boini*
Azhari
Mahfud

ABSTRAK
Hibah adalah tindakan hukum berupa pendistribusian harta dari seseorang kepada orang lain secara cuma-cuma. Idealnya, peristiwa hukum hibah yang berlangsung secara sempurna mengikat bagi kedua belah pihak seperti diatur dalam Pasal 1666 KUHPdt, kemudian Pasal 212 KHI. Hanya saja, dalam kasus-kasus tertentu justru terdapat fakta di mana hibah yang telah sempurna dan mendapat akta hibah ditarik dan dibatalkan, seperti dipahami dalam Putusan Nomor 0109/Pdt.G/2015/MS.Ttn, Nomor 292/Pdt.G/2016/Ms-Bna, Nomor 106 /Pdt.G/2019/Ms-Bna, dan Putusan Nomor 283/Pdt.G/2019/Ms-Bna.
Tujuan penelitian ini ialah bagaimana pertimbangan yuridis Hakim Mahkamah Syar’iyah Tapaktuan dan Banda Aceh di dalam memutus perkara permohonan pembatalan hibah, serta apakah putusannya telah memenuhi asas kepastian hukum atau tidak.
Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan mengguanakan pendekatan undang-undang dan studi kasus. Data dikumpulan dikembangkan dari data sekunder berupa putusan, undang-undang, buku hukum, jurnal dan bahan kepustakaan lainnya. Lokasi penelitian di Mahkamah Syar’iyah Tapaktuan dan Mahkamah Syar’iyah Banda Aceh. Semua data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis menggunakan teori-teori guna menarik kesimpulan atas pokok permasalahan penelitian.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa para hakim menggunakan alasan dan pertimbangan hukum melalui kesesuaian antara gugatan dengan fakta selama masa persidangan. Dalam Putusan Nomor 109/Pdt.G/2015/Ms.Ttn, hakim menimbang bahwa penggugat mampu membuktikan gugatannya melalui praktik penghibahan lebih dari 1/3 harta, penerima hibah juga terbukti memaksa pihak penghibah. Di dalam putusan Nomor 292/Pdt. G/2016/Ms-Bna hakim menimbang bahwa penghibahan melebihi dari 1/3 harta, penghibahan bertentangan dengan Pasal 1678 KUHPer. Dalam putusan Nomor 106 /Pdt.G/2019 /Ms-Bna, hakim menimbang penggugat tidak mampu membuktikan bahwa tergugat sudah berbuat tidak baik kepada penggugat selaku ibunya. Dalam putusan No. 283/Pdt.G/2019/ Ms-Bna, hakim menimbang bahwa pihak penggugat menjadikan tiga orang anak di bawah umur sebagai pihak tergugat III. Menjadikan anak sebagai tergugat keliru secara hukum. Empat putusan Mahkamah Syar’iyyah tidak sepenuhnya sesuai dengan asas kepastian hukum. Terdapat dua putusan yang tidak memenuhi asas kepastian hukum, yaitu Putusan Mahkamah Syar’iyyah Tapaktuan Nomor 109/Pdt.G/2015 /MS.Ttn, dan Putusan Mahkamah Syar’iyyah Kota Banda Aceh Nomor 106/ Pdt.G/2019/Ms-Bna. Hakim tidak mempertimbangkan aspek yuridis Pasal 1666, di mana hibah yang sudah disetujui dan sudah sempurna secara hukum tidak dapat lagi ditarik atau dibatalkan. Hakim juga tidak menyinggung ketentuan dari Pasal 212 Kompilasi Hukum Islam, yang menyebutkan hibah yang sudah dilaksanakan secara sempurna tidak dapat lagi di tarik kembali, atau dibatalkan, kecuali hibah yang terjadi antara orang tua dengan anaknya.
Disarankan, bagi Hakim, seharusnya tidak membatalkan hibah yang sudah diterima. Karena tidak sesuai gugatan penggugat dengan peraturan hukum yang ada. Harusnya hakim tidak mengabulkan gugatan penggugat, demi adanya hukum yang berkeadilan bagi pihak penerima hibah. Bagi hakim, juga hendaknya melihat kembali atau meninjau kembali atas putusan-putusan ini, agar dikemudian hari tidak ada lagi pembatalan hibah.

Kata Kunci: Penyelarasan, Regulasi, Perizinan



JURIDICAL CONSIDERATIONS OF THE COURT OF SYAR'IYAH TAPAKTUAN AND BANDA ACEH REGARDING REQUESTS FOR CANCELLATION OF GRANTS
(Analysis of Decision Number 0109/Pdt.G/2015/MS.Ttn, Number 292/Pdt.G/2016/ Ms-Bna, Number 106 /Pdt.G/2019/Ms-Bna, and Decision Number 283/Pdt.G/ 2019/Ms-Bna)

Usman Boini*
Azhari
Mahfud

ABSTRACT
Grant is a legal action in the form of distributing property from one person to another free of charge. Ideally, a grant legal event that takes place is perfectly binding for both parties as regulated in Article 1666 KUHPdt, then Article 212 KHI. It's just that, in certain cases there are facts where a grant that has been perfect and has received a grant certificate is withdrawn and canceled, as understood in Decision Number 0109/Pdt.G/2015/MS.Ttn, Number 292/Pdt.G/2016/Ms-Bna, Number 106 /Pdt.G/2019/Ms-Bna, and Decision Number 283/Pdt.G/2019/Ms-Bna.
The purpose of this research is how the juridical considerations of the Judges of the Court of Syar'iyah Tapaktuan and Banda Aceh in deciding the case for the cancellation of the grant, and whether the decision has met the principle of legal certainty or not.
This research was conducted using a normative juridical research method using a statute approach and case studies. The data collected is developed from secondary data in the form of decisions, laws, law books, journals and other library materials. Research locations are in the Court Syar'iyah Tapaktuan and the Court of Syar'iyah Banda Aceh. All data collected were analyzed using theories in order to draw conclusions on the subject matter of the research.
The results showed that the judges used legal reasons and considerations through the suitability of claims and facts during the trial period. In the Decision Number 109/Pdt.G/2015/Ms.Ttn, the judge considered that the plaintiff was able to prove his claim through the practice of granting more than 1/3 of the assets, the grantee was also proven to have forced the grantee. In the verdict Number 292/Pdt. G/2016/Ms-Bna the judge considers that the grant is more than 1/3 of the assets, the grant is contrary to Article 1678 KUHPer. In decision Number 106 /Pdt.G/2019 /Ms-Bna, the judge considered that the plaintiff was unable to prove that the defendant had wronged the plaintiff as his mother. In decision No. 283/Pdt.G/2019/ Ms-Bna, the judge considered that the plaintiff made three minors as Defendant III. It was legally wrong to make the child the defendant. The four decisions of the Syar'iyyah Court are not fully in accordance with the principle of legal certainty. There are two decisions that do not meet the principle of legal certainty, namely the Court Decision Syar'iyyah Tapaktuan Number 109/Pdt.G/2015 /MS.Ttn, and the Decision of the Banda Aceh City Syar'iyyah Court Number 106/ Pdt.G/2019/Ms-Bna. The judge did not consider the juridical aspect of Article 1666, in which a grant that has been approved and is legally perfect can no longer be withdrawn or canceled. The judge also did not mention the provisions of Article 212 Compilation of Islamic Law, which states that a gift that has been implemented perfectly cannot be withdrawn or canceled, except for a grant that occurs between the parent and the child.
It is recommended that the Judge should not cancel the grant that has been received. Because the plaintiff's lawsuit does not match the existing legal regulations. The judge should not have granted the plaintiff's claim, for the sake of a just law for the recipient of the grant. Judges should also review or review these decisions, so that in the future there will be no more cancellation of grants.

Keywords: Alignment, Regulation, Licensing.

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