Electronic Theses and Dissertation

PENERAPAN QANUN JINAYAT TERHADAP PELAKU JARIMAH
PERKOSAAN MAHRAM
(Studi Analisis Menurut Maqasid Syariah)
Fery Sandria*
Mohd. Din**
M Nur Rasyid***

ABSTRAK
Pasal 49 Qanun Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 menetapkan tentang hukuman pelaku jarimah perkosaan mahram yaitu dengan hukuman 150 sampai 200 kali cambuk, atau 150 gram emas murni sampai 2000 gram emas murni, atau 150 sampai 200 bulan pernjara. Sama dengan Pasal 50 Qanun Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 yang juga menetapkan hukuman 150 sampai 200 kali cambuk, atau 150 gram emas murni sampai 2000 gram emas murni, atau 150 sampai 200 bulan pernjara namun perbedaannya pada pasal 50 ini berbicara tentang hukuman pelaku jarimah perkosaan anak (non mahram). Dengan demikian timbul permasalahan yang perlu dikaji bahwa bagaimana bisa kedua pasal tersebut menetapkan hukuman yang sama pada tingkat kasus yang berbeda yaitu Pasal 49 adalah tentang perkosaan mahram sedangkan Pasal 50 tentang perkosaan anak (non mahram), dan hakim di beberapa mahkamah syar’iyah di Aceh dalam putusannya sering menjatuhi hukuman yang rendah seperti pada putusan hakim mahkamah syar’iyah Jantho dan mahkamah syar’iyah Meulaboh yang menajtuhi hukuman minimal dikarenakan landasan qanun yang menyamakan antara anak mahram dan anak non mahram.
Tujuan penulisan tesis ini untuk mengetahui apakah hukuman pada putusan hakim mahkamah syar’iyah sudah sesuai dengan kriteria maslahat bila diukur dengan maqasid syariah tentang menjaga keturunan (hifzul nasli) dan menjaga kehormatan (hifzul ‘irdi), untuk mengetahui bagaimana hukuman yang seharusnya untuk pelaku jarimah perkosaan mahram bila dibandingkan dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2016 Tentang Perlindungan Anak yang menetapkan hukuman tambahan 1/3 untuk pelaku perkosaan anak kandung.
Penulisan tesis ini dilakukan dengan metode pendekatan yuridis normatif namun juga tetap menggunakan pendekatan empiris sebagai pelengkap karena penelitian ini menggunakan studi kasus. Jenis-jenis data dan bahan-bahan hukum yang digunakan berupa bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tersier. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan telaahan dokumen dan wawancara, lalu dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa Didalam penerapan hukuman untuk pelaku jarimah perkosaan mahram, hakim mahkamah syar’iyah menjatuhi hukuman yang rendah dan tidak sesuai dengan kriteria maslahat yang diukur dengan maqasid syariah tentang menajag keturunan (hifzul nasli) dan menjaga kehormatan (hifzul ‘irdi) dengan mengambil dalil Nas Alquran dan hadits yang bersifat umum sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa hukuman yang dijatuhi hakim dalam putusannya tidak ideal dan tidak sesuai dengan ketentuan dalam dalil Nas umum tersebut. Pengaturan yang ideal untuk Pasal 49 tentang perkosaan mahram Qanun Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 Tentang Hukum Jinayat adalah seharusnya hukumannya dibedakan dengan hukuman pada Pasal 50 tentang perkosaan anak non mahram, dengan cara dibuat pengaturan tentang hukuman tambahan baik itu denda atau tambahan hukuman penajara bagi pelaku seperti yang telah ditetapkan pada Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2016 Tentang Perlindungan Anak, karena perbedaannya antara Pasal 49 dan Pasal 50 qanun jinayat ini terletak pada hubungan kedekatan antara pelaku dan korban yaitu hubungan mahram, apalagi bila terjadi kasus seperti di mahkamah syar’iyah Jantho dimana aspek pemberatan hukuman harus ditetapkan karena ketika anak yang diperkosa awalnya adalah anak yatim yang kemudian menjadi mahram bagi pelaku setelah pelaku menikahi ibu korban sehingga aspek perlindungannya sudah bertambah yaitu aspek melindungi mahram dan aspek melindugi yatim. Pemberatan hukuman juga harus ditetapkan di dalam Pasal 49 qanun jinayat dikarenakan bila korban lebih dari satu orang, seperti yang terjadi di mahkamah syar’iyah Meulaboh dimana pelaku tidak hanya memperkosa anak mahram atau anak kandungnya tapi juga menabuli dan memperkosa dua anak tetangga yang masih juga memiliki hubungan kekerabatan dengan pelaku. Oleh karena itu selain berdasarkan dalil umum yang menetapkan hukuman bagi pelaku pelanggar kemormatan dan pelaku menyetubuhi mahramharus dihukum mati juga berdasarkan alasan di atas maka dari itu hukuman tambahan untuk pelaku jarimah perkosaan mahram harus dibuat ketentuannya dalam Pasal 50 Qanun Nomor 6 Tahun 2014.
Diharapkan kepada hakim untuk melihat kembali dalil umum tentang menjaga keturunan (hifzul nasli) dan menjaga kehormatan (hifzul ‘irdi) agar dapat memutuskan hukuman bagi pelaku jarimah perkosaan mahram dengan mempertimbangkan aspek kemaslahatan yang lebih sesuai dengan kriteria maslahat berdasarkan dalil umum tersebut. Diharapkan kepada pembuat qanun yaitu ‘umara (DPR dan Gubernur) beserta ulama agar segera merevisi qanun dan membuat pengaturan tentang hukuman tambahan pada Pasal 49 tentang perkosaan mahram Qanun Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 Tentang Hukum Jinayat.
Kata Kunci : Penerapan qanun jinayat, Pelaku Jarimah, perkosaan, mahram.

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF QANUN JINAYAT TO THE CRIMINAL WHO COMMITING RAPE (JARIMAH) AGAINTS THEIR OWN MAHRAM
(Analysis Studies According To Maqasid Syariah)

Fery Sandria*
Mohd. Din**
M Nur Rasyid***

ABSTRACT
Article 49 of Qanun Number 6 of 2014 assign about the penalty for the criminal that commits jarimah which is the act of raping their own mahram (unmarriageable family and relatives) with the penalty of getting 150 to 200 times of getting whipped, or being fined of 150 gram to 2000 gram of gold, or 150 to 200 months of imprisonment. It is in line with Article 50 of Qanun Number 6 of 2014 which states that also mentions the penalty of 150 to 200 times of whipping, or fine of150 gram to 2000 gram of gold, or 150 to 200 months of imprisonmnet. However, there are differences in these two articles where the article 50 concerns on the penalty for the criminal that commit rape (jarimah) against (non mahram) minors. Therefore, there are issues that need to be researched more about how these two articles states the same penalty on two different degrees of crimes where Article 49 is about the act of raping their own mahram, while Article 50 is about the act of raping against (non mahram) minors. Moreover, judges in some of sharia courts in Aceh sentence light punishments in their verdicts for, for example, the verdict issued in Sharia Court of Jantho and Sharia Court of Meulaboh that sentence minimal penalty that is based on qanun that equates the mahram minors and non mahram minors.
The aim of this research is to determine whether the penaltu on the judges verdicts on Sharia Court is appropriate to mashalay (the good sakes) criteria when it is observed from the views of maqasid of sharia about keeping the offspring (hifzul nasli) and keeping honors (hifzul ‘irdi). It is to define how the punishments which is supposed to be sentenced to the criminals that commit the jarimah rapes against their mahram when these punishments are compared to the Law Number 7 of 2016 about Children Protection that states the addition of 1/3 penalty for the criminals that commit rapes against their own biological children.
The writing process of this thesis was conducted by using the approach of normative juridical, but at the same time, the empirical approach was also used because this research is case study. The types of data and legal materials used in this research are primary, secondary, and tertiary data. The data collection technique was done by documents review and interview which were then analyzed by using descriptive-qualitative method.
Based on the result, it shows that on the implementation of the law for the criminals that commit jarimah rape against their mahram, the judge from the sharia court decided verdicts with lights penalty which are not in line with the mashalat criteria observed by maqasid of sharia about keeping the offspring (hifzul nasli) and keeping honors (hifzul ‘irdi) that based on scriptures from Alquran and hadith in Nash's general proposition. Therefore, it can be concluded that the penalty decided by the judges in their verdicts were not ideal and were inappropriate with the Nash's general proposition. The ideal regulation for article 49 about the crime of rape against mahram of Qanun Number 6 of 2014 about Jinayat Law is supposed to be different from the penalty mentioned on Article 50 about non mahram rape, by regulate new punishments of penalty addition either in the form of fine or addition of sentenced punishment for the criminal as it has been regulated in Law Number of 2016 about Children Protection. It is because the discrepancies of Article 49 and 50 of these qanun jinayat are on the relationship between the criminals and the rape victim which lies on the issue of mahram. Not to mention the case that occurred in the coverage of Sharia Court of Jantho where the weighting of legal aspects on deciding the verdicts fell on the fact that the rape victim was an orphan who was then became the dependant or mahram of the offender after he got married to the mother of the victim. That makes the protection aspects even more serious which is the aspect of protecting or keeping mahram and the aspect of protecting the orphan. The legal weighting should also be stated on Article 49 of qanun jinayat because the victims of this crime are more than one person. This is like what happened on Sharia Court of Meulaboh where the offender didn’t rape his mahram child only or his biological child only but he also raped two of his neighbor children that are actually relatives to the offender. Thus, apart from the general proposition that states the legal penalty for the offender of honor violation and the offender of raping mahram should get death penalty and also the reasons mentioned earlier, the penalty addition for the offender of jarimahrape against mahram should be regulated in the Article 50 of Qanun Number 6 of 2014.
The judges are expected to look back on the general preposition about keeping offspring (hifzul nasli) and keeping honors (hifzul ‘irdi), so that in deciding the verdicts for the offender of jarimah rape of mahram, they should consider the mashalat aspects of that general preposition. As for the qanun regulators which are leaders (senators and governor) along with the religious leaders, they are expected to revise the qanun and to regulate about the addition penalty for Article 49 about raping of mahram of Qanun Number 6 of 2014 about Jinayat Law.
Keywords: The implementation of qanun jinayat, jarimahoffender, rape, mahram

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