Electronic Theses and Dissertation

RINGKASAN

Cut Maisyura. Perlakuan Rizobakteri Pemacu Pertumbuhan Tanaman (RPPT) terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine Max L.). Dibawah bimbingan Syamsuddin sebagai ketua dan Bakhtiar sebagai anggota.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan varietas tanaman kedelai terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kedelai, (2) mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan rizobakteri pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman (RPPT) terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kedelai, (3) mengetahui pengaruh interaksi antara perlakuan rizobakteri pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman (RPPT) dan varietas terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kedelai.
Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ilmu dan Teknologi Benih dan Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala. Penelitian berlangsung dari bulan September 2018 sampai dengan Maret 2019. Percobaan perlakuan Rizobakteri Pemacu Pertumbuhan Tanaman (RPPT) terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kedelai menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) pola faktorial. Faktor yang diteliti yaitu 2 varietas tanaman kedelai dan 10 isolat rizobakteri. Percobaan diulang tiga kali. Tolak ukur yang diamati tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun dan diameter batang pada umur 15, 30 dan 45 hari setelah tanam, umur berbunga, jumlah bunga, jumlah cabang produktif, jumlah polong pertanaman, jumlah polong per tanaman, berat polong per tanaman, jumlah biji per tanaman, berat 100 butir, bintil akar, luas daun, berangkasan basah, berangkasan kering, berat biji serta potensi hasil. Sementara analisis karakter fisiologis rizobakteri (produksi IAA, Siderofor dan kemampuan melarutkan fosfat) tidak menggunakan rancangan percobaan.
Hasil evaluasi kemampuan perlakuan rizobakteri pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman menunjukkan terdapat 2 isolat yang mampu menghasilkan hormon tumbuh IAA yang tinggi dibandingkan isolat rizobakteri lainnya yaitu Bacillus megaterium dan Bacillus laterophorus, dan terdapat 5 isolat yang memiliki kemampuan melarutkan fosfat yaitu Pseudomonas capacia, Pseudomonas dimuta, Bacillus larvae, Bacillus firmus dan Bacillus polymixa, terdapat 5 isolat yang memiliki kemampuan memproduksi siderofor yaitu isolat Pseudomonas capacia, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus laterophorus, Bacillus lichiniformis dan Bacillus stearothermophillus, sisanya tidak mampu memproduksi siderofor.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan rizobakteri berpengaruh nyata terhadap tolak ukur tinggi tanaman 15 HST, 30 HST, 45 HST dan jumlah polong pertanaman. Jenis rizobakteri pada tinggi tanaman umur 15 HST dan 45 HST tertinggi dijumpai pada jenis rizobakteri Pseudomonas capacia yaitu pada umur 15 HST (17,27 cm) dan umur 45 HST (72 cm). Perlakuan rizobakteri terbaik pada tinggi tanaman 30 HST dijumpai pada perlakuan tanpa rizobakteri yaitu 44,48 cm. Pada perlakuan varietas, varietas Anjasmoro menunjukkan nilai terbaik berdasarkan nilai tolak ukur pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman pada umur 15 HST (17,45 cm), 30 HST (45,27 cm) dan 45 HST(70,03cm), jumlah daun pada umur 15 HST (4,69 helai), diameter batang (2,71 cm), dan bintil akar (27,08), sedangkan varietas Kipas Merah Bireun menunjukkan nilai terbaik pada tolak ukur hasil tanaman yaitu umur berbunga (38,81 hari), jumlah bunga (74,96 bunga), jumlah cabang produktif (6,86 cabang), jumlah polong pertanaman (206,26 potong), berat polong pertanaman (114,06 g), jumlah biji per tanaman (539,90 biji), berat berangkasan basah (92,102 g)dan berat berangkasan kering (64,60 g). Terdapat interaksi sangat nyata terhadap diameter batang 15 HST dengan perlakuan rizobakteri Bacillus polymixa dengan varietas Anjasmoro (R8V2) yaitu 2,95 cm dan luas daun pada jenis rizobakteri Bacillus megaterium dengan varietas Anjasmoro (R3V2) yaitu 3102,11 mm serta berpengaruh nyata terhadap tolak uluk diameter batang 30 HST pada jenis rizobakteri Bacillus megaterium dengan varietas Kipas Merah Bireun (R3V1) yaitu 5,07 cm, jumlah bunga terbaik terdapat pada jenis rizobakteri Pseudomonas capacia dengan varietas Kipas Merah Bireun (R2V1) yaitu 82,88, jumlah polong pertanaman terdapat pada jenis rizobakteri Bacillus larvae dengan varietas Kipas Merah Bireun (R6V1) yaitu 254,77 polong serta potensi hasil terbaik dijumpai pada perlakuan Kipas Merah Bireun (V1) dengan nilai 2,26 ton ha-.
Kata Kunci : Varietas kedelai, Rhizobakteri, Pertumbuhan, Produksi,

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SUMMARY

Cut Maisyura. Rizobacteria Treatment of Plant Growth Promoting (PGPR) on Growth and Yield of Soybean (Glycine Max L.). Under the guidance of Syamsuddin as supervisor and Bakhtiar as a member.
This study aims to (1) determine the ability of Rhizobacterial isolates as a candidate for plant growth promoting (PGPR) on soybean plants, (2) determine the effect of the treatment of Rhizobacterial isolates that promote plant growth (PGPR) on the growth and yield of soybean plants, (3) determine the effect of treatment of soybean plant varieties on the growth and yield of soybean plants (4) Determine the effect of the interaction between the treatment of rhizobacterial isolates that promote plant growth (RPPT) and varieties on the growth and yield of soybean plants.
This research was conducted at the Seed and Science Laboratory and Experimental Garden Faculty of Agriculture, University of Syiah Kuala from September 2018 to March 2019. Experiments on Rhizobacteria Plant Growth Promoting (PGPR) on the growth and yield of soybean plants using factorial randomized block design (RCBD). Factors studied were 2 varieties of soybean plants and 10 rizobacteria isolates with three replications. The parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves and stem diameter at 15, 30 and 45 days after planting, age of flowering, number of flowers, number of productive branches, number of crop pods, number of pods per plant, pod weight per plant, number of seeds per plant , weight of 100 grains, nodules of roots, leaf area, wet biomass, dry biomass and potential yield. While the analysis of the physiological characteristics of rizobacteria (IAA production, Siderophore and phosphate solubility) did not use an experimental design.
The results showed that the evaluation results of the ability of rhizobacterial treatment of plant growth booster were contained 2 isolates that were able to produce high IAA growth hormone compared to other rizobacteria isolates, they were Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus laterophorus, and there were 5 isolates which had the ability to dissolve phosphate, they were Pseudomonas capacia, Pseudomonas dimuta, Bacillus larvae, Bacillus firmus and Bacillus polymixa. While in the ability of rizobacteria to produce siderophore there were 5 isolates which had the ability to produce siderophore, they were Pseudomonas capacia isolates, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus laterophorus, Bacillus lichiniformis and Bacillus stearothermophillus, while the rest were not able to produce siderofor.

The result of the study showed that the treatment of rhizobacteria significantly affected the plant height at of 15 DAP, 30 DAP, 45 DAP and the number of crop pods. The highest type of rizobacteria at the height of plants aged 15 DAP (17.27 cm) and 45 DAP (72 cm) were found in the type of rizobacteria Pseudomonas capacia. The best rhizobacteria treatment of the plant height at the age of 30 DAP was found in the treatment without rizobacteria with the value of 44.48 cm. In the treatment of varieties, Anjasmoro variety showed the best value based on the plant height growth at 15 DAP (17.45 cm), 30 DAP (45.27 cm) and 45 DAP (70.03cm), the number of leaves at 15 DAP (4.69 strands), stem diameter (2.71 cm), and root nodules (27.08), while the Kipas Merah Bireun variety showed the best value based on the parameter of flowering age (38.81), number of flowers ( 74.96), number of productive branches (6.86), number of crop pods (206.26), weight of crop pods (114.06), number of seeds per plant (539.90), wet biomass weight (92.102 g) and dry biomass weight (64.60 g). There was a very significant interaction with the stem diameter at 15 DAP with Bacillus polymixa rhizobacteria treatment with Anjasmoro (R8V2) variety, which was 2.95 cm and leaf area in the Bacillus megaterium rhizobacteria type with Anjasmoro variety (R3V2), which was 3102.11 mm and significantly affected the stems diameter at 30 DAP in Bacillus megaterium rhizobacteria species with Kipas Merah Biruen variety (R3V1) which was 5.07 cm, the best number of flowers was found in the species of Pseudomonas capacia rizobacteria with Kipas Merah Biruen variety (R2V1) which was 82.88 and the number of pods was found in the type of Bacillus larvae rizobacteria with the Kipas Merah Bireun (R6V1) variety of 254.77 pods.

Keywords: Soybean varieties, Rhizobacteria isolates, growth, yeild.

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