Electronic Theses and Dissertation

ABSTRAK


Katalis heterogen telah berhasil dipreparasi dari tulang kambing (Capra sp.) dilakukan dengan proses dekomposisi termal 600°C dan 900°C selama 4 jam. Keberadaan oksida logam dari proses dekomposisi dikarakterisasi menggunakan XRD dan SEM-EDS. Hasil karakterisasi XRD menunjukkan terbentuk tiga senyawa kalsium, meliputi hidroksiapatit, CaCO3 , dan CaO, dimana hidroksiapatit ditemukan memiliki fasa kristal yang tinggi. Hasil karakterisasi SEM-EDS menunjukkan bahwa morfologi katalis hasil preparasi dari tulang kambing memiliki morfologi yang tidak homogen sebelum dikalsinasi, sedangkan setelah kalsinasi katalis yang dihasilkan mempunyai morfologi yang lebih teratur dengan tiga unsur anorganik utama, yaitu oksigen (O), kalsium dan posfor (P). Nilai persentase O, Ca dan P secara berturut- turut untuk tulang kambing sebelum kalsinasi sebesar 46,83%, 27,71% dan 16,06%, kalsinasi 600°C sebesar 38,10%, 21,13%, dan 11,85% dan kalsinasi 900°C sebesar 47,10%, 26,87%, dan 15,47%. Katalis hasil preparasi dalam penelitian menunjukan aktivitas katalitik transesterifikasi yang baik pada reaksi sintesis biodiesel dari minyak kelapa dengan metanol yang menghasilkan dua kandungan utama metil ester yaitu metil laurat dan metil miristat. Komposisi metil laurat sebesar 71,91% dan metil miristat sebesar 13,07% untuk katalis kalsinasi 600°C. Sedangkan nilai komposisi metil laurat dan metil miristat untuk katalis kalsinasi 600°C berturut-turut sebesar 60,52% dan 28,32%.


Kata kunci: Tulang kambing, katalis heterogen, transesterifikasi, biodiesel?
ABSTRACT
Heterogeneous catalysts was prepared from goat’s bone wastes (Capra sp.), namely it was prepared through thermal decomposition processes 600°C dan 900°C for 4 hours. The presence of metal oxides from the decomposition process wa characterized using XRD and SEM-EDS. The results of XRD characterization showed that three calcium compounds were formed, including hydroxyapatite, CaCO3, and CaO, in which the hydroxyapatite was high crystalline phase. The SEM EDS characterization results showed that the morphology of the catalyst prepared from goat bones had an irregular morphology without calcination, whereas after calcination the catalyst produced had a more regular morphology with three main inorganic elements, namely oxygen (O), calcium and phosphorus (P). The percentage values of O, Ca and P respectively for goat bones before calcination were 46.83%, 27.71% and 16.06%, calcination 600 ° C at 38.10%, 21.13%, and 11, 85% and calcination 900 ° C by 47.10%, 26.87% and 15.47%. The catalysts prepared in the study showed good catalytic transesterification activity in the biodiesel synthesis reaction from coconut oil with methanol which produced two main ingredients of methyl ester, namely methyl laurate and methyl myristate. The composition of methyl laurate was 71.91% and methyl myristate was 13.07% for calcination catalyst 600 ° C. Whereas the value of the composition of methyl lauric and methyl myristate for calcination catalyst 600 ° C were 60.52% and 28.32%, respectively.

Keywords: goat’s bone, heterogeneous catalysts, transesterification, biodiesel

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