Electronic Theses and Dissertation

PENGATURAN HUKUM TERHADAP TINDAK PIDANA YANG
DILAKUKAN PENGUNGSI INTERNASIONAL
DI INDONESIA

Ida Tutia Rakhmi
Mujibussalim
Mahfud
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ABSTRAK
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Pasal 2 Konvensi 1951 yang berisi tentang kewajiban dari pengungsi
yang harus ditaati ketika berada di suatu wilayah Negara, tetapi masalah
pengungsi dan perpindahan penduduk di dalam maupun di luar negeri
merupakan persoalan yang paling sulit dihadapi masyarakat dunia.
Adanya
pengungsi disebabkan oleh keadaan yang memburuk dalam ranah politik, ekonomi
dan sosial suatu negara tersebut sehingga memaksa masyarakatnya untuk
meninggalkan negara dan mencari perlindungan untuk menyelamatkan diri dari
bahaya yang mengancam.
Indonesia tidak meratifikasi Konvensi 1951 beserta
Protokol 1967 tentang Pengungsi. Dan di dalam Konvensi 1951 dan Protokol
1967 juga tidak dijelaskan secara spesifik, mekanisme penegakan hukum
terhadap pengungsi yang melakukan tindakan kriminalitas di negara transit,
khususnya indonesia. Indonesia sendiri
masih belum memiliki peraturan hukum
tegas mengenai penanganan dan penetapan status pengungsi tanpa dokumen
yang jelas. Selain itu, Indonesia juga belum meratifikasi Konvensi tahun 1951
dan Protokolnya tahun 1967 yang membahas mengenai status pengungsi.
Berdasarkan uraian di atas, yang menjadi pokok permasalahannya
adalah Bagaimana aturan hukum dan metode penyelesaian terhadap tindak
pidana yang dilakukan oleh pengungsi Internasional di Indonesia? Apa akibat
hukum terhadap Negara yang belum meratifikasi Konvensi 1951 dan Protokol
1967 tentang pengungsi? Bagaimana Kedudukan dari Prinsip Non-Refoulment
dalam penanganan Pengungsi Internasional yang melakukan tindak pidana di
Indonesia.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menjelaskan Untuk
mengetahui aturan hukum dan metode penyelesaian diterapkan ketika pengungsi
melakukan tindak pidana di wilayah Indonesia, sedangkan Indonesia tidak
meratifikasi Konvensi Pengungsi ini sendiri. Untuk mengetahui akibat hukum
dari tidak diratifikasinya konvensi 1951 dan protokol 1967. Dan kedudukan
Prinsip Non-Refoulement ketika pengungsi melakukan tndak pidana di wilayah
hukum Indonesia.
Jenis metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah
jenis metode penelitian hukum yuridis normatif dan penelitian hokum normatif.
Pendekatan penelitian hukum yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 4
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan teori kedaulatan dan
juga yurisdiksi negara maka kasus pidana yang dilakukan pengungsi dapat
diproses berdasarkan hukum nasional, penjelasan ini tertera pada Pasal 2
Konvensi 1951 yang berisi tentang kewajiban dari pengungsi yang harus ditaati
ketika berada di suatu wilayah Negara. UU Imigrasi sendiri mempunyai
kewenangan yang terbatas, dan tidak mengatur mengenai Prinsip nonrefoulement.
Indonesia meskipun saat ini telah memiliki Peraturan Presiden
Nomor 125 Tahun 2016 Tentang Penanganan Pengungsi Luar Negeri, tetapi
Indonesia tidak mengatur secara khusus mengenai prinsip non-refoulement.
Akibat hukum dari Indonesia yang belum meratifikasi Konvensi Internasional ini
maka pemerintah Indonesia tidak mempunya kewenangan untuk menetapkan dan
memberikan status
Oleh karena itu disarankan, bahwa penyelesaian kasus di mana
pengungsi melakukan tindak pidana di wilayah hukum Indonesia biasanya akan
dilakukan melalui jalur Non Litigasi, yaitu cara penyelesaian sengketa di luar
pengadilan dikembangkan dengan istilah Alternative Dispute Resolution
Kata Kunci : Pengungsi Internasional, Tindak Pidana, Prinsip Non-Refoulement,
Ratifikasi Konvensi.

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Mahasiswa
Pembimbing I
Pembimbing II

LAW ARRANGEMENT ON CRIMINAL ACTIONS WAS CONDUCTED BY
INTERNASIONAL REFUGEES IN INDONESIA

Ida Tutia Rakhmi
Mujibussalim
Mahfud
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ABSTRACT
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Article 2 Convention of the refugees which contains the obligations of
refugees who must be obeyed when in an Indonesia territory. The problem of
refugees and migration inside and outside the country are the most difficult
problem faced by the world community. The refugees caused by a bad
circumstance in the political, economic and social realm of a country, then force
the people to leave the country and seek refuge to save themselves from
threatening dangers. Indonesia does not ratify the 1951 Refugee Convention and
Protocol 1967 Relating to The Status of Refugees, but how about refugees was
committed criminal acts. In the 1951 Convention of Refugee and the 1967
Protocol also not define specifically about law enforcement mechanisms against
refugees who commit crimes in transit countries, especially Indonesia. Indonesia
itself still does not have an explicit regulation in handling and determining
refugees' status without any documents. In addition, Indonesia has not ratified the
1951 Convention and the 1967 Protocol relating to the status of refugees. Based
on the above description, the main issue is what is the regulation and the method
of arrangement to criminal acts who committed by refugees in Indonesia? What is
the consequence of law to the country doesn’t ratified the 1951 Convention and
1967 Protocol relating to the status of Refugees? Where is the Position out of
Non-Refoulment Principle in the handling of Criminal Actions was Conducted by
Internasional Refugees in Indonesia?
This study aims to find out and explain the regulation and the method
of arrangement to criminal acts who committed by refugees in Indonesia, the
consequence of law to the country doesn’t ratify the 1951 Convention and 1967
Protocol Relating to the status of Refugees and where is the position of nonrefoulement

Principle when refugees commit criminal offenses in the jurisdiction
of Indonesia.
The research methods used in this study were the juridical normative
legal research method. There were 4
The results of the research was based on the theory of sovereignty and
the jurisdiction of the state and the non-refoulement Principle where the criminal
cases were committed by the refugees can be processed under competence
national law, this was explained in Article 2 Convention of the refugees which
contains the obligations of refugees who must be obeyed when in an Indonesia
territory but Indonesia as a member of the international community is bounded by
International Customary Law, that was the Non-Refoulement Principle. This
principle declares that a country should not evict or return the refugees in any
way, to the other territorial border of the country that will be threatened life,
freedom and human right the refugees. The Immigration Law itself has limited
authority and does not regulate the Criminal Settlement actions committed by
International Refugees, however, the refugees were prosecuted in rudenim by way
of isolation. And the most cases that occurred during the evacuation was solved in
kinship because international refugees could not be processed with deportation as
they were protected by the non-refoulement Principle. Indonesia even though has
a Presidential Regulation No. 125 of 2016 on the Handling of Foreign Refugees,
but Indonesia does not specifically regulate the principle of non-refoulement. As a
result from not ratified the 1951 International Convention and 1967 Protocol on
Refugee Status, the Indonesian government has no authority to establish and
grant refugee status determination and also can’t screen for such immigrants as
asylum seekers, refugee handling in Indonesia relies solely on and cooperates
with UNHCR and IOM in determining refugee status. The absence of authority in
determining refugee status causes displaced residing in Indonesia because in
determining RSD by UNHCR takes a really long time, up to tens of years as
experienced by Vietnam refugees in Galang Island. So it was feared to security,
economic and social impact. other impacts are occurrence criminal cases
committed by international refugees during their stay in Indonesia’s rudenim. The
application of non-refoulement principle to refugees in Indonesia as a country
isn’t a party to the 1951 Geneva convention was based on the principle of jus
cogens as an international customary law as set in Article 33 of the 1951
Convention concerning refugee status which prohibits the state from expelling or
returning a person to a country of origin where life and freedom are threatened.
Therefore advisable is the settlement of cases in which refugees
commit criminal offenses in the Indonesian jurisdiction will normally be
conducted through the Non-Litigation path, the way out-of-court dispute
resolution is developed was called Alternative Dispute Resolution
Keywords: International Refugees, Crimes, Non-Refoulement Principles,
Ratification of the Convention.

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Student
Chairman Of Supervising Committee I
Chairman Of Supervising Committee II

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