Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Beauveria merupakan salah satu genus jamur entomopatogen yang berpotensi
dimanfaatkan sebagai agen pengendali hayati rayap. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk
mengkarakterisasi dan mengisolasi jamur lokal Beauveria sp. yang ditemukan di
sekitar koloni rayap di lingkungan Universitas Syiah Kuala. Penelitian
menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan jenis penelitian eksploratif.
Sampel tanah diambil secara purposif pada tiga lokasi di lingkungan Universitas
Syiah Kuala, yaitu area lapangan Tugu, area Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi (FKG), dan
area lapangan Gelanggang Mahasiswa. Isolasi jamur dilakukan menggunakan
metode serangga umpan (insect baiting method) dengan rayap sebagai umpan,
kemudian dimurnikan pada media Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). Karakterisasi
dilakukan berdasarkan pengamatan morfologi secara makroskopis dan
mikroskopis. Pengamatan makroskopis meliputi warna, bentuk, tekstur, dan tepi
koloni, sedangkan pengamatan mikroskopis dilakukan menggunakan pewarnaan
Lactophenol Cotton Blue (LPCB) untuk mengamati struktur hifa dan penghasil
konidia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 22 titik pengambilan sampel
diperoleh 21 isolat jamur yang berhasil dimurnikan dan diidentifikasi. Sebanyak
dua isolat teridentifikasi sebagai Beauveria bassiana, yaitu pada titik pohon asam
jawa di area FKG dengan kedalaman 25 cm dan pohon cemara di area Tugu dengan
kedalaman 10 cm. Karakteristik makroskopis isolat meliputi koloni berbentuk
melingkar (circular), berwarna putih hingga putih kekuningan, bertekstur cottony
floccose hingga velutinous, dengan tepi koloni rata (entire). Secara mikroskopis,
isolat memiliki hifa hialin bersekat dan bercabang, konidiofor pendek bersusunan
zigzag (geniculate), serta konidia berbentuk bulat hingga subglobose yang tersusun
pada ujung sel konidiogen. Berdasarkan karakteristik morfologi tersebut, jenis
Beauveria yang berhasil ditemukan di tanah di sekitar koloni rayap di lingkungan
Universitas Syiah Kuala adalah Beauveria bassiana.

Beauveria is a genus of entomopathogenic fungi that has the potential to be used as a biological control agent for termites. This study aims to characterize and isolate the local fungus Beauveria sp. found around termite colonies in the Syiah Kuala University environment. The study used a descriptive qualitative approach with an exploratory research type. Soil samples were taken purposively at three locations within the Syiah Kuala University environment, namely the Tugu field area, the Faculty of Dentistry (FKG) area, and the Gelanggang Mahasiswa field area. Fungal isolation was carried out using the insect baiting method with termites as bait, then purified on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media. Characterization was carried out based on macroscopic and microscopic morphological observations. Macroscopic observations included color, shape, texture, and colony edges, while microscopic observations were carried out using Lactophenol Cotton Blue (LPCB) staining to observe hyphal structure and conidia production. The results showed that from 22 sampling points, 21 fungal isolates were obtained that were successfully purified and identified. Two isolates were identified as Beauveria bassiana, namely at the tamarind tree point in the FKG area at a depth of 25 cm and a pine tree in the Tugu area at a depth of 10 cm. Macroscopic characteristics of the isolates include circular colonies, white to yellowish white in color, cottony floccose to velutinous texture, with even colony edges (entire). Microscopically, the isolates have septate and branched hyaline hyphae, short conidiophores arranged in a zigzag (geniculate) arrangement, and round to subglobose conidia arranged at the tips of the conidiogenous cells. Based on these morphological characteristics, the type of Beauveria successfully found in the soil around the termite colony in the Syiah Kuala University environment is Beauveria bassiana