Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Ruang terbuka publik memiliki fungsi sebagai wadah interaksi sosial masyarakat di kawasan perkotaan. Namun, dalam praktik perencanaannya, aspek inklusivitas belum sepenuhnya diperhatikan, termasuk di kawasan perkotaan Takengon yang memiliki RTP formal maupun informal. Hingga saat ini, belum diketahui bagaimana pola pemanfaatan ruang tersebut berlangsung maupun bagaimana persepsi masyarakat terhadap tingkat inklusivitasnya, sehingga diperlukan kajian untuk mengisi kesenjangan pengetahuan tersebut. Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif melalui observasi lapangan dan kuesioner skala Likert yang mengukur persepsi terhadap aksesibilitas, keamanan, dan kenyamanan. Penelitian dilakukan di empat lokasi RTP, terdiri atas dua RTP formal (Lapangan Musara Alun dan Lapangan Sanggamara) dan dua RTP informal (Pedestrian Jalan Lebe Kader dan Kawasan Simpang Lima). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola pemanfaatan ruang berbeda tergantung waktu, durasi, aktivitas, dan tujuan kunjungan. RTP formal ramai pada pagi dan sore hari untuk aktivitas olahraga, sementara RTP informal justru mengalami transformasi dari jalur sirkulasi menjadi ruang sosial pada sore-malam hari, didorong oleh keberadaan pedagang kaki lima, dengan peningkatan yang lebih signifikan pada akhir pekan. Lapangan Sanggamara Kodim secara khusus mengalami alih fungsi dari lapangan olahraga menjadi kawasan rekreasi-ekonomi. Dari sisi karakteristik responden, tiga dari empat lokasi penelitian didominasi oleh pengguna perempuan dan kelompok usia muda, dan mayoritas responden (94–97%) merupakan warga lokal Kota Takengon, menunjukkan bahwa RTP tersebut lebih berperan sebagai ruang aktivitas harian bagi masyarakat sekitar. Berdasarkan persepsi masyarakat, RTP informal memperoleh skor inklusivitas yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan RTP formal. Pedestrian Jalan Lebe Kader mencatatkan skor tertinggi (3,68), sementara Lapangan Musara Alun sebagai RTP formal mencatatkan skor terendah (3,48) sekaligus skor penerangan malam paling rendah (2,81). Indikator kesigapan petugas keamanan terhadap pengunjung perempuan konsisten memperoleh skor terendah di seluruh lokasi (2,72–3,19, kategori cukup), mengindikasikan adanya perbedaan antara kelompok yang paling banyak memanfaatkan ruang dengan seberapa baik ruang tersebut memenuhi kebutuhan rasa aman mereka. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pola pemanfaatan dan persepsi inklusivitas saling membentuk secara timbal balik. Oleh karena itu, peningkatan fasilitas dasar dan pengelolaan ruang perlu diprioritaskan untuk mewujudkan RTP yang inklusif.

Kata kunci: ruang terbuka publik, inklusivitas gender, persepsi masyarakat, pola pemanfaatan

ABSTRACT Public open spaces serve an important function as venues for social interaction among urban communities. However, in planning practice, the aspect of inclusivity has not been fully considered, including in the urban area of Takengon, which has both formal and informal public open spaces. To date, it remains unclear how these spaces are utilized or how the community perceives their level of inclusivity, indicating a need for a study to address this knowledge gap. This study employed a quantitative descriptive method through field observation and a Likert-scale questionnaire measuring perceptions of accessibility, security, and comfort. The research was conducted at four public open spaces locations, comprising two formal public open spaces (Musara Alun Field and Sanggamara Field) and two informal public open spaces (Lebe Kader Street Pedestrian Area and Simpang Lima Area). The results show that utilization patterns vary according to time, duration, activity type, and purpose of visit. Formal public open spaces are busy in the morning and evening for sports activities, while informal public open spaces undergo a transformation from circulation pathways into social spaces in the late afternoon to evening, driven by the presence of street vendors, with a more significant increase on weekends. Sanggamara Kodim Field in particular has undergone a functional shift from a sports field into a recreational-economic area. In terms of respondent characteristics, three of the four research locations were dominated by female users and younger age groups, and the majority of respondents (94–97%) were local residents of Takengon City, indicating that these public open spaces function more as spaces for daily activity among the surrounding community. Based on community perceptions, informal POS obtained higher inclusivity scores than formal public open spaces. The Lebe Kader Street Pedestrian Area recorded the highest score (3.68), while Musara Alun Field, as a formal public open spaces, recorded the lowest score (3.48) as well as the lowest score for nighttime lighting (2.81). The indicator of security officers' responsiveness toward female visitors consistently scored lowest across all locations (2.72–3.19, categorized as moderate), indicating gap between the group that most frequently uses the space and how well that space meets their need for a sense of security. This study concludes that utilization patterns and perceptions of inclusivity mutually shape one another. Therefore, improvements to basic facilities and space management need to be prioritized in order to create inclusive public open spaces. Keywords: public open space, gender inclusivity, community perception, utilization pattern