Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Tanah merupakan sumber daya alam yang berperan penting dalam mendukung produktivitas pertanian dan keberlanjutan ekosistem. Salah satu jenis tanah yang memiliki penyebaran luas di Indonesia adalah Inceptisol, namun tanah ini umumnya memiliki tingkat kesuburan yang rendah yang ditandai oleh pH tanah agak masam, kandungan bahan organik yang rendah hingga sedang, serta ketersediaan unsur hara yang terbatas. Kondisi tersebut menjadi kendala dalam meningkatkan produktivitas lahan pertanian sehingga diperlukan upaya perbaikan sifat kimia tanah melalui penambahan bahan organik. Pupuk kandang sapi berfungsi sebagai sumber unsur hara makro dan mikro serta mampu memperbaiki sifat kimia tanah, sedangkan biochar sekam padi berperan dalam meningkatkan kapasitas tukar kation, memperbaiki pH tanah, dan meningkatkan retensi unsur hara. Pemanfaatan kedua bahan tersebut diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kesuburan tanah Inceptisol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pupuk kandang sapi dan biochar terhadap perubahan sifat kimia tanah Inceptisol.
Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) non faktorial dengan empat perlakuan, yaitu P0 (kontrol), P1 (pupuk kandang 50 g 5 kg⁻¹ tanah), P2 (biochar 50 g 5 kg⁻¹ tanah), dan P3 (pupuk kandang 50 g 5 kg⁻¹ tanah + biochar 50 g 5 kg⁻¹ tanah), yang masing-masing diulang sebanyak empat kali sehingga diperoleh 16 satuan percobaan. Tanah diinkubasi selama 60 hari, kemudian dianalisis meliputi pH, C-organik, N-total, rasio C/N, P-tersedia, K-dd, Ca-dd, Mg-dd, Na-dd, kapasitas tukar kation (KTK), dan kejenuhan basa (KB).
Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pupuk kandang sapi memiliki pH netral (7,27), kandungan C-organik sebesar 17,24%, hara makro sebesar 11,73%, dan rasio C/N sebesar 24,62 sehingga memenuhi persyaratan mutu pupuk organik. Biochar memiliki pH sebesar 7,70, kandungan hara makro sebesar 7,58%, dan rasio C/N sebesar 13,33 sehingga memenuhi persyaratan mutu pembenah tanah, sedangkan kandungan C-organik sebesar 2,80% masih berada di bawah persyaratan minimum. Pemberian pupuk kandang sapi dan biochar berpengaruh nyata terhadap kandungan C-organik, P-tersedia, dan K-dd tanah Inceptisol, tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pH, N-total, rasio C/N, Ca-dd, Mg-dd, Na-dd, kapasitas tukar kation (KTK), dan kejenuhan basa (KB). Perlakuan campuran pupuk kandang sapi dan biochar (P3) menghasilkan kandungan C-organik tertinggi sebesar 0,62%, P-tersedia tertinggi sebesar 6,38 ppm, dan K-dd tertinggi sebesar 0,24 cmol(+) kg⁻¹. Perlakuan pupuk kandang sapi (P1) menghasilkan nilai pH tertinggi sebesar 6,01, meskipun tidak berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan lainnya.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian pupuk kandang sapi dan biochar mampu memperbaiki beberapa sifat kimia tanah Inceptisol, terutama meningkatkan kandungan C-organik, P-tersedia, dan K-dd, namun belum memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap pH, N-total, rasio C/N, Ca-dd, Mg-dd, Na-dd, kapasitas tukar kation (KTK), dan kejenuhan basa (KB) pada dosis dan waktu inkubasi yang digunakan. Pemberian campuran pupuk kandang dan biochar meningkatkan beberapa sifat kimia tanah, yaitu C-organik, rasio C/N, P-tersedia, dan K-dd.

Soil is a natural resource that plays an important role in supporting agricultural productivity and ecosystem sustainability. One of the most widely distributed soil types in Indonesia is Inceptisol. However, this soil generally has low fertility, characterized by slightly acidic soil pH, low to moderate organic matter content, and limited nutrient availability. These conditions can constrain agricultural productivity, making soil chemical improvement through the addition of organic materials necessary. Cattle manure serves as a source of macro- and micronutrients and can improve soil chemical properties, while rice husk biochar plays a role in increasing cation exchange capacity, improving soil pH, and enhancing nutrient retention. The application of these two materials is expected to improve the fertility of Inceptisol soil. This study aimed to determine the effects of cattle manure and biochar application on changes in the chemical properties of Inceptisol soil. The study used a non-factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four treatments: P0 (control), P1 (50 g cattle manure 5 kg⁻¹ soil), P2 (50 g biochar 5 kg⁻¹ soil), and P3 (50 g cattle manure 5 kg⁻¹ soil + 50 g biochar 5 kg⁻¹ soil). Each treatment was replicated four times, resulting in 16 experimental units. The soil was incubated for 60 days and subsequently analyzed for pH, organic C, total N, C/N ratio, available P, exchangeable K, Ca, Mg, and Na, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and base saturation (BS). The results showed that cattle manure had a neutral pH of 7.27, organic C content of 17.24%, macronutrient content of 11.73%, and a C/N ratio of 24.62, indicating that it met the quality requirements for organic fertilizer. Biochar had a pH of 7.70, macronutrient content of 7.58%, and a C/N ratio of 13.33, meeting the quality requirements for soil amendments, while its organic C content of 2.80% remained below the minimum requirement. The application of cattle manure and biochar significantly affected soil organic C, available P, and exchangeable K, but did not significantly affect pH, total N, C/N ratio, exchangeable Ca, Mg, and Na, cation exchange capacity (CEC), or base saturation (BS). The combined application of cattle manure and biochar (P3) resulted in the highest organic C content (0.62%), available P (6.38 mg kg⁻¹), and exchangeable K (0.24 cmol(+) kg⁻¹). The cattle manure treatment (P1) produced the highest soil pH of 6.01, although it was not significantly different from the other treatments. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the application of cattle manure and biochar improved several chemical properties of Inceptisol soil, particularly by increasing organic C, available P, and exchangeable K. However, the treatments did not significantly affect pH, total N, C/N ratio, exchangeable Ca, Mg, and Na, cation exchange capacity (CEC), or base saturation (BS) at the applied dosage and incubation period. The combined application of cattle manure and biochar improved several soil chemical properties, including organic C, C/N ratio, available P, and exchangeable K.