Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Sapi Aceh merupakan salah satu rumpun sapi lokal Indonesia yang telah ditetapkan sebagai sumber daya genetik ternak yang dilindungi berdasarkan Keputusan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 2907/Kpts/OT.140/6/2011. Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang merupakan salah satu daerah dengan potensi pengembangan sapi Aceh yang cukup besar, dengan populasi sapi potong mencapai 38.125 ekor pada tahun 2023. Namun, terjadinya penurunan populasi dalam beberapa tahun terakhir diduga berkaitan dengan belum optimalnya manajemen reproduksi dan pemeliharaan ternak. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan melestarikan sapi Aceh adalah melalui evaluasi performans reproduksi sapi Aceh betina.
Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Manyak Payed, Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang pada bulan Januari–Februari 2026 menggunakan metode survei. Sampel ditentukan secara purposive sampling terhadap peternak yang memiliki sapi Aceh betina yang telah beranak minimal dua kali. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner dan observasi lapangan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi umur berahi pertama, umur kawin pertama, lama bunting, umur beranak pertama, jarak beranak (calving interval), umur kawin kembali setelah beranak, karakteristik responden, pemahaman peternak terhadap tanda-tanda berahi, serta sistem pemeliharaan. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rataan umur berahi pertama sapi Aceh betina adalah 18,52 ± 3,23 bulan, umur kawin pertama 32,44 ± 4,72 bulan, lama bunting 9,04 ± 0,19 bulan, umur beranak pertama 41,67 ± 4,81 bulan, calving interval 13,34 ± 0,87 bulan, dan umur kawin kembali setelah beranak 4,16 ± 0,70 bulan. Sebagian besar peternak menerapkan sistem pemeliharaan semi intensif, seluruh peternak memahami tanda-tanda berahi, namun belum menerapkan sistem pencatatan (recording) reproduksi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa performans reproduksi sapi Aceh betina di Kecamatan Manyak Payed belum optimal, terutama pada umur kawin pertama dan umur beranak pertama, sehingga diperlukan perbaikan manajemen pemeliharaan, pemberian pakan, dan penerapan sistem recording untuk meningkatkan efisiensi reproduksi serta mendukung pelestarian sapi Aceh sebagai sumber daya genetik ternak lokal.

Aceh cattle are one of the indigenous cattle breeds of Indonesia and have been designated as a protected livestock genetic resource based on the Decree of the Minister of Agriculture Number 2907/Kpts/OT.140/6/2011. Aceh Tamiang Regency is one of the areas with considerable potential for the development of Aceh cattle, with a beef cattle population of 38,125 head in 2023. However, the decline in population over the past several years is thought to be associated with suboptimal reproductive and livestock management. One effort to improve productivity and conserve Aceh cattle is through the evaluation of the reproductive performance of female Aceh cattle. The study was conducted in Manyak Payed District, Aceh Tamiang Regency, from January to February 2026 using a survey method. Samples were selected through purposive sampling from farmers who owned female Aceh cattle that had calved at least twice. Data were collected through interviews using questionnaires and field observations. The parameters observed included age at first estrus, age at first mating, gestation length, age at first calving, calving interval, age at first mating after calving, respondent characteristics, farmers’ understanding of estrus signs, and livestock management systems. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that the average age at first estrus of female Aceh cattle was 18.52 ± 3.23 months, age at first mating was 32.44 ± 4.72 months, gestation length was 9.04 ± 0.19 months, age at first calving was 41.67 ± 4.81 months, calving interval was 13.34 ± 0.87 months, and age at mating after calving was 4.16 ± 0.70 months. Most farmers implemented a semi-intensive management system. All farmers understood the signs of estrus; however, none had implemented a reproductive recording system. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the reproductive performance of female Aceh cattle in Manyak Payed District was not yet optimal, particularly in terms of age at first mating and age at first calving. Therefore, improvements in livestock management, feed provision, and the implementation of a reproductive recording system are needed to improve reproductive efficiency and support the conservation of Aceh cattle as a local livestock genetic resource.